Neck Region

Question 1

superior and inferior limits of neck

Answer 1

superior
- inferior angle of mandible
- mastoid process
- external occipital protuberance
inferior
- clavicles
- superior thoracic aperture

Question 2

hyoid bone located

Answer 2

c3

Question 3

cricoid cartilage located

Answer 3

c6

Question 4

thyroid cartilage located

Answer 4

c4 c5 (aka adams apple)

Question 5

OI of platysma

Answer 5

O- fascia and skin over pectorals major and deltoid

I- inferior border of mandible and skin of lower face

Question 6

FN of platysma

Answer 6

F- muscle of facial expression

N - VII

Question 7

OI of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

O-

• • sternal head- round tendon attaching to manubrium
• – clavicular head- superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

I- lateral surface of mastoid process , superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 8

NF of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 8

N
Spinal roots XI (accessory nerve)
branches c2 c3

F
tilt head laterally, turn to opposite side
flex neck (both muscles_

Question 9

OI trapezius

Answer 9

o
– superior nuchal line, ligament nuchal spinous process c7 t1-t12
I- lateral 1/3 of clavicle spine of scapula acromion process

Question 10

FN trapezius

Answer 10

N- XI (accessory spinal nerve ) C3 c4

F - elevates/ depresses and rotates scapula,

Question 11

whats above/ below sternocleidomastoid

Answer 11

above- superficial jugular

below - deep jugular

Question 12

boundaries of posterior cervical triangle

Answer 12

Anterior- posterior part of SCM
posterior- anterior part of trapezius
inferior- clavicle

Question 13

what passes over the apex of the posterior cervical triangle***

Answer 13

apex- is at superior nuchal line

– the occipital artery (before it goes to posterior aspect of head

Question 14

floor of post cervical triangle***

Answer 14

• splenious capitus
• levator scapula
• scalene -post
• scalene- mid
• scalene ant

Question 15

what goes between anterior and middle scalene*

Answer 15

• brachial plexus

on post triangle

Question 16

post occipital triangle is divided into 2 triangles (name them) by _____

Answer 16

• occipital triangle
• supraclavicular/omoclavicular/ or subclavian

by the inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Question 17

Veins of post cervical triangle***

Answer 17

– external* jugular vein
—— posterior division of retromandibular
—– posterior auricular veins
- subclavian vein
(drains face scalp and exterior of cranium)

Question 18

retromandibular vein formed by**

Answer 18

union of superficial temporal and maxillary vein

Question 19

nerves of post cervical triangle***

Answer 19

• XI (between SCM and trapezius)
• brachial plexus (between ant scalene and middle scalene)
• cervical plexus

Question 20

cervical plexus (what it is and location***)

Answer 20

VENTRAL RAMI c1-c4

located DEEP to internal jugular vein and SCM

Question 21

branches of cervical plexus

Answer 21

• lesser occipital nerve (c2)
• greater auricular nerve (c2-c3)
• transverse cervical cutaneous nerve (c2-c3)
• supraclavicular nerve (c3-c4)
• phrenic nerve (c3 c4 c5)
• ansa cervicali

Question 22

importance of greater auricular nerve**

Answer 22

C2-C3
accompanies External Jugular Vein
supplies skin over the angle of the mandible

Question 23

importance of supraclavicular nerve***

Answer 23

c3-c4
divides into medial intermediate and lateral branches

• medial branch supplies sternoclavicular joint
• lateral branch supplies acromioclavicular joint

Question 24

importance of ansa cervicalis (location)**

Answer 24

loop from cervical plexus

• supplies infra hyoid muscles of neck
• embedded in carotid sheath but NOT a content of the sheath

Question 25

boundaries of anterior cervical triangle

Answer 25

Ant- median line of neck post- anterior border of SCM superior- inferior border of mandible apex is at jugular notch

Question 26

supra hyoid muscles

Answer 26

- connect hyoid bone to skull - mylohyoid V stylohyoid VII geniohyoid XII digastric

Question 27

digastric muscle** Bellies and innervation

Answer 27

Anterior belly from fossa of mandible ( innervated by nerve to mylohyoid V) posterior belly from mastoid process ( VII)

Question 28

innervation of thyrohyoid muscle**

Answer 28

C1 fibers of CN XII

Question 29

carotid sheath surrounds what*

Answer 29

- internal jugular vein - deep cervical LN - vagus nerve - common carotid artery - internal carotid artery

Question 30

what is embedded in the carotid sheath*

Answer 30

ansa cervicalis, | other structures are within the sheath

Question 31

where does the common carotid artery divide into internal and external carotid arteries***

Answer 31

at level of thyroid cartilage C4 C5

Question 32

carotid sinus

Answer 32

dilation of proximal part of ICA , innervated by IX and X | - baroreceptor that regulates blood pressure

Question 33

carotid body

Answer 33

mass of tissue at bifurcation of common carotid | - chemoreceptor (responds to increase of C02 or decrease in PH)

Question 34

superficial cervical fascia encloses*

Answer 34

platysma muscle of facial expression

Question 35

superficial layer of deep cervical fascia splits where and covers what***

Answer 35

splits at mandible - covers masseter laterally - medial surface of medial pterygoid

Question 36

superficial layer of deep cervical fascia enclose*

Answer 36

``` SCM trapezius submandibular parotid - forms floor of submandibular space ```

Question 37

middle layer of deep cervical fascia envelops*

Answer 37

``` thyroid trachea esophagus larynx pharynx ```

Question 38

muscular division of deep cervical fascia*

Answer 38

superior border- hyoid and thyroid cartilage inferior border- sternum clavicle and scapula envelops infrahyoid strap muscles

Question 39

deep layer of deep cervical fascia* alar layer

Answer 39

alar layer - superior border- skull / base - inferior border- upper mediastinum t1-t2

Question 40

deep layer of deep cervical fascia* pre vertebral layer

Answer 40

superior border- skull base inferior border- coccyx envelops veterbral bodies and deep muscles of beck extends laterally as axillary sheath