The skeleton, Joints and Muscles Flashcards
revise
What is synovial fluid and what produces it?
-Clear/ colourless thick liquid
-It lubricates the joint
-Made by synovial membrane
-reduces friction
What is the structure of a synovial joint?
-Ends of bones encased in smooth cartilage
-Synovial fluid
-Ligaments help provide stability
-Muscles contract to produce movement
What are the 3 different types of joints?
-fixed
-slightly moveable
-synovial (hinge, ball-socket)
What are the 2 bones at the top of the neck?
-atlas
-axis
What are the upper 7 ribs attached to and what are they called when they are not attached?
-The front of the sternum
-False ribs/floating ribs
What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?
Ligaments attach bone to bone
Tendons attach muscle to bone
Ligaments are reasonably elastic
Tendons are inelastic
Why do bones need blood supply?
To sustain bone cells
What are vertebrates?
Animals with a backbone or spinal column and a brain enclosed in a skull.
Which joint allows the highest range of movement?
Shoulder joint
What is the range of movement for a synovial joint?
To slide past each other or rotate around each other.
What are examples of organ systems and what are they protected by?
Brain + spinal cord (skull+spine)
Lungs + heart (ribs)
What is the composition of bone?
Collagen= flexible +fiborus protein
Minerals= calcium carbonate+ phosporate
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure working together for a specific function.
What do bones provide for organ systems?
A protective barrier.
What is cartilage?
-Strong, flexible connective tissue
- Cushions the joint/ shock absorber
-encased on the edge of joints
What does bone marrow produce? What does it do?
Red blood cells carry oxygen through the lungs and throughout the body.
What is the process of respiration?
The release of energy from sugar
Why are muscles needed and how do they move bones?
-pumping blood/ make bones move
- contract + relaxes
-Allows movement of the skeleton
What are synovial joints?
-Most common
-hinge joints= knee/elbow
-socket joints= shoulder/hip
What does the whole skeleton provide?
A framework of support for soft tissues and something for muscles to attach onto.
What are slightly moveable joints?
Give 1 example.
-Connected by pads of cartilage
-Movement is small
-Vertebrae in the spine
What are vertebrates also known as?
Mammals
Why are tendons inelastic?
It allows for efficient transfer of force from 1 muscle to the bone.
What are bones?
A hard, living tissue within the body.
