The Skeleton Flashcards
What are the two types of connective tissue that the skeleton is made up of?
Bone and cartilage
What 4 main functions does the skeleton provide?
Protection, forming the mechanical basis of movement, haemopoesis and storage of salts
What is haemopoesis?
Erythrocytes and B lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow
What is a misconception about bone?
It is a highly vascular living tissue, it is not dead
What are the two types of mature (Haversian) bone?
Compact and spongy
Describe compact bone?
Strong, dense
Describe spongy bone?
Less dense, with numerous air spaces and forms the core of most bones expect when replaced by a medullary cavity
What can a spongy bone also be referred to as?
Cancellous bone
What is good about having spongy bones?
Enables movement
What are parts of the skeleton called that are not formed by bone?
Cartilage
What is the difference between cartilage and bone?
Isn’t as strong but is more flexible, doesn’t contain blood or nerve supply
What does cartilage rely on?
Diffusion to obtains nutrients and oxygen
What is the most common type of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage present?
As articulate cartilage joints and in the respiratory system
Where is hyaline cartilage found in the respiratory system?
In the rings of cartilage around the trachea
Where is fibrocartilage found?
In articular discs within joints in intervertebral discs and also around the edge of ball and socket joints
What is the difference between fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage?
Fibrocartilage is tougher
Where can you find elastic cartilage?
In external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis and parts of the larynx
What does the axial skeleton include?
All the bones along the body’s long axis
What bones are included in the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?
Limbs and girdles, bones that attach to the end of the something else
What is osteoporosis?
A disease of ageing characterised by a decrease in bone mass and bone strength
What can happen if you have decreases bone mass?
Increases the risk of fractures as the bones become more brittle
What happens to blood vessels after a fracture or break?
Blood vessels in and around the bone rupture and bleed
What happens if the Broken parts are in contact or close proximity?
The clot formed calcifies to become a callus which joins the pieces together which is remodels to resemble the shape of the original bone
What happens if the neck of femur is broken or fractures?
It cannot be repaired by callus the whole joint needs to be replaced
Describe necrotic?
Dead tissue, often due to trauma or disease
What is osteomalacia?
Soft bones, often caused by vitamin D deficiency
Where is the head of femur located?
The most proximal part of the femur
What is the neck of femur?
Joins the head of the femur to the shaft of the femur
