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Anatomy > The Skeletal System - Axial > Flashcards

The Skeletal System - Axial Flashcards

1
Q

Number of bones in human body, axial, and appendicular skeleton

A

206
80
126

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2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the body

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3
Q

What bones are in the axial skeleton?

A
  • skull bones
  • auditory ossicles (ear bones)
  • hyoid bone
  • ribs
  • sternum (breastbone)
  • bones of vertebral
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4
Q

5 types of bones

A
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. irregular
  5. sesamoid
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5
Q

Long bone + examples

A
  • greater length than width
  • slightly curved for strength
    ex: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges
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6
Q

Short bone + examples

A
  • cube shaped; equal length and width
  • spongy bone with compact on outer surface
    ex: carpal and tarsal
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7
Q

Flat bone + examples

A
  • thin composed of 2 parallel plates of compact bone with a layer of spongy in between
  • protection and muscle attachment site
    ex: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
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8
Q

Irregular bones + example

A
  • complex in shape
  • vary in amount of spongy and compact bone
    ex: vertebrae, hip, facial bones, and calcaneus
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9
Q

Seasamoid

A

Develop in certain tendons where there is considerable frictions, tension, and physical stress

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10
Q

Bone surface markings

A
  • structural features adapted for specific functions

- not present at birth; develop from tension

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11
Q

Types of surface markings

A

Depressions and openings- allows passage of soft tissues or form joints

Processes- projections or outgrowths that either help form a joint or as a attachment sit

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12
Q

Types of depressions

A
  • fissure
  • foramen
  • fossa
  • sulcus
  • meatus
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13
Q

Fissure

A

-narrow slit between adjacent parts of the bone

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14
Q

Foramen

A

-opening through which BV, nerves, or ligaments pass

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15
Q

Fossa

A

-shallow depression

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16
Q

Sulcus

A

-furrow along bone surface that accommodates BV, nerve, or tendon

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17
Q

Meatus

A

-tube like opening

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18
Q

Processes that form joints

A

Condyle- large, round protuberance with smooth articular surface at the end of the bone

Facet- smooth, flat, slightly concave or convect articular surface

Head- usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone

19
Q

Processes that form attachments

A

Epicodyle- typically roughened projection above condyle

Line- long, narrow ridge or border

Spinous- sharp, slender projection

Trochanter- very large projection

Tubercle- variably sized rounded projection

Tuberosity- variable sized project that has a rough, bumpy surface

20
Q

Skull

A
  • 22 bones
  • two categories:
    1. cranial
    2. facial
21
Q

Cranial bones

A
  • 8 bones form the cavity

- frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

22
Q

Facial bones

A
  • 14 bones form the face

- 2 nasal bones, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, and volmer

23
Q

Skull function

A

protect and support special sense organs and the brain
-forms: nasal cavity, orbits, paranasal sinuses, and small cavities which house organs involved in hearing and equilibrium

24
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead, roof of the orbits, and anterior part of cranial floor

25
Q

Parietal bones

A
  • sides and roof of cranial cavity
  • internal surfaces contain depressions that accommodate BV
  • sagittal, squamous, lambdoid, and coronal suture
26
Q

Temporal bones

A

Inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

27
Q

Occipital bone

A

Back of head

28
Q

Sphenoid bone

A
  • middle part of the base of the skull
  • keystone bone: hold everything together
  • butterfly shaped
29
Q

Ethmoid bone

A
  • delicate
  • anterior part of cranial floor medial to orbits
  • looks like sponge
  • anterior to sphenoid and posterior to nasal
  • supporting structure of nasal cavity
30
Q

Mandible

A
  • lower jawbone
  • largest and strongest
  • only moveable bone
31
Q

Maxilae

A
  • upper jawbone

- articulates with every bone in face except mandible

32
Q

Vomer + function

A
  • roughly triangular bone on the floor of nasal cavity

- forms inferior portion of bony nasal septum

33
Q

Nasal bone + function

A
  • small, flattened, rectangular-shaped bones that bridge the nose
  • protect upper entry to nasal cavity and attachment site
34
Q

Zygomatic bone + function

A
  • cheekbones

- prominences of cheeks and part of lateral wall and floor of each orbit

35
Q

Palatine bone + function

A
  • L shaped
  • form posterior portion of hard palate
  • part of the floor and lateral wall of nasal cavity
  • small portion of the floors of the orbits
36
Q

Inferior nasal conchae + function

A
  • scroll like bones
  • form part of inferior lateral wall of nasal cavity
  • increase surface area, help filter air
  • only superior nasal conchae are involved in smell
37
Q

Lacrimal bone

A
  • fingernail size and shape

- smallest bone of face

38
Q

Nasal septum components

A

Vomer, septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

39
Q

Orbit components

A
  • cranial bones (frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid)

- facial (palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, maxilla)

40
Q

Orbit parts

A

Roof= frontal and sphenoid
Lateral wall= zygomatic and sphenoid
Floor= maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine
Medial wall= maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid

41
Q

Orbit openings

A
  • optic foramen
  • superior orbital fissure
  • inferior orbital fissure
  • supraorbital foramen
  • lacrimal foreman
42
Q

Sutures + examples

A
  • immovable joint the holds bones together

ex: coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous

43
Q

Paranasal sinuses + function

A
  • cavities in facial bones near the nasal cavity
  • allows skull to increase in size w/o change in weight
  • increase the SA of nasal mucosa
  • echoing chamber
44
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spot in babies

Anatomy (2 decks)

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