The Skeletal System Flashcards
What Are Long Bones ?
- Long bones are strong and are used by muscles to assist movement, e.g the humerus in the arm.
- Used for larger gross movements, e.g moving the leg at the hip.
What Are Short Bones ?
- Support the weight of the body - they’re weight-bearing, e.g the tarsals in the foot.
- Used in some small and fine movements, e.g moving the hand at the wrist.
What Are Irregular Bones ?
- Are suited to protection and muscle attachment, e.g the vertebrae of the spine.
What Are Flat Bones ?
- They protect internal organs.
- Their broad surface also allows muscle attachment, e.g the ribs.
What Type Of Bone is Cranium & What Does It Protect ?
- Flat Bone
- Protects the brain
What Type Of Bone Are Both The Sternum & The Ribs And What Do They Protect ?
- Flat Bones
- Protect the heart and lungs.
- The ribs also protect the kidneys.
What Type Of Bone Is The Pelvis & What Does It Protect ?
- Flat Bone
- Protects the reproductive organs as well as the bladder.
- It also has many muscles attached to it, helping leg movement.
What Type Of Bone Are Carpals & What Does It Do ?
- Short Bones
- They form the wrist and give it stability allowing movement of the hand.
What Type Of Bones Are Tarsals & What Do They Do ?
- Short Bones
- Bear the body’s weight when on foot, e.g during standing and running
What Type Of Bone Is The Patella & What Does It Protect ?
- Sesamoid Bone
- Protects the tendon that crosses the knee joint by stopping it rubbing against the femur.
What Type Of Bone Is The Clavicle & What Does It Do ?
- Long Bone
- Forms part of the shoulder joint to assist arm movement.
What Type Of Bone Is The Humerus & How Is It Used ?
- Long Bone
- Used by muscles to move the whole arm, e.g swinging a badminton racket.
What Type Of Bones Are Both The Ulna And The Radius & How Are They Used ?
- Long Bones
- Used by muscles to move the lower arm, e.g bending at the elbow.
What Type Of Bone Is The Femur & How Is It Used ?
- Long Bone
- Used by muscles to move the whole leg, e.g when running.
What Type Of Bones Are Both The Fibula And The Tibia & How Are They Used ?
- Long Bones
- Used by muscles to move the lower leg, e.g to kick a football.
What Type Of Bone Is The Metacarpals & How Is It Used ?
- Long Bone
- Used by muscles to allow the hand to grip, e.g to hold a cricket bat.
What Type Of Bone Is The Phalanges & How Is It Used ?
- Long Bone
- Used by muscles to move and bend the fingers and toes.
What Type Of Bone Is The Metatarsal & How Is It Used ?
- Long Bone
- Used by muscles to move the foot, e.g when jumping.
How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Cervical & Where Is It Located ?
- 7 vertebrae.
- Located at the top of the spine.
How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Thoracic & Where Is It Located ?
- 12 Vertebrae.
- Located below the cervical region.
How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Lumbar & Where Is It Located ?
- 5 Vertebrae.
- Located below the thoracic region.
How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Sacrum & Where Is It Located ?
- 5 Vertebrae.
- Fused together below the the lumbar region.
How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Coccyx & Where Is It Located ?
- 4 Vertebrae.
- Fused together at the bottom of the spine.
What Are The Names Of The Top 2 Vertebrae In The Spine ?
- Atlas & Axis.
What 2 Bones Make Up The Hip ?
- Pelvis & Femur
What 2 Bones Make Up The Shoulder ?
- Humerus & Scapula
What 2 Bones Make Up The Knee ?
- Femur & Tibia
What 3 Bones Make Up The Ankle ?
- Tibia, Fibula & Talus ( One of the tarsals)
What 3 Bones Make Up The Elbow ?
- Humerus, Radius & Ulna.
What Are Joints ?
- Joints are where 2+ bones meet.
What Are The Articulating Bones ?
- Where the bones meet at a joint.
What Is The Definition For The Movement Flexion ?
- Closing a joint, e.g the wrist movement during a basketball throw ?
What Is The Definition For The Movement Extension ?
- Opening a joint, e.g kicking a football.
What Is The Definition For The Movement Adduction ?
- Moving towards an imaginary centre line, e.g swinging a gold club.
What Is The Definition For The Movement Abduction ?
- Moving away from an imaginary centre line, e.g taking back tennis racket before swinging it.
What Is The Definition For The Movement Roation ?
- Clockwise or Anticlockwise movement, e.g the leg movement during a turnout in ballet.
What Is The Definition For The Movement Circumduction ?
- Movement of a limb, hand or foot in a circular motion, e.g to bowl a cricket ball. (Overarm Rotaion)
What Is The Definition For The Movement Plantar-Flexion ?
- Extension at the ankle, e.g pointing the toes during gymnastics.
What Is The Definition For The Movement Dorsi-Flexion ?
- Flexion at the ankle, e.g lifting the toes during gymnastics.
What Are Ligaments ?
- Holds bones together to restrict how much joints can move.
- This helps maintain the stability of the skeleton and prevents dislocation of joints.
- Made of tough and fibrous tissue.
- They also protect bones and joints by absorbing shock.
What Are Tendons ?
- Attach muscles to bones (or to other muscles) to allow bones to move when muscles contract.
What Is A Cartilage ?
- Acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement.
What Type Of Joints Are: Ball & Socket, Hinge, Condyloid And Pivot
- Synovial Joint.
What Is The Synovial Joint Held Together By ?
- Held by ligaments.
