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Physical Education (GCSE OCR) > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What Are Long Bones ?

A
  • Long bones are strong and are used by muscles to assist movement, e.g the humerus in the arm.
  • Used for larger gross movements, e.g moving the leg at the hip.
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2
Q

What Are Short Bones ?

A
  • Support the weight of the body - they’re weight-bearing, e.g the tarsals in the foot.
  • Used in some small and fine movements, e.g moving the hand at the wrist.
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3
Q

What Are Irregular Bones ?

A
  • Are suited to protection and muscle attachment, e.g the vertebrae of the spine.
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4
Q

What Are Flat Bones ?

A
  • They protect internal organs.

- Their broad surface also allows muscle attachment, e.g the ribs.

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5
Q

What Type Of Bone is Cranium & What Does It Protect ?

A
  • Flat Bone

- Protects the brain

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6
Q

What Type Of Bone Are Both The Sternum & The Ribs And What Do They Protect ?

A
  • Flat Bones
  • Protect the heart and lungs.
  • The ribs also protect the kidneys.
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7
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Pelvis & What Does It Protect ?

A
  • Flat Bone
  • Protects the reproductive organs as well as the bladder.
  • It also has many muscles attached to it, helping leg movement.
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8
Q

What Type Of Bone Are Carpals & What Does It Do ?

A
  • Short Bones

- They form the wrist and give it stability allowing movement of the hand.

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9
Q

What Type Of Bones Are Tarsals & What Do They Do ?

A
  • Short Bones

- Bear the body’s weight when on foot, e.g during standing and running

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10
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Patella & What Does It Protect ?

A
  • Sesamoid Bone

- Protects the tendon that crosses the knee joint by stopping it rubbing against the femur.

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11
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Clavicle & What Does It Do ?

A
  • Long Bone

- Forms part of the shoulder joint to assist arm movement.

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12
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Humerus & How Is It Used ?

A
  • Long Bone

- Used by muscles to move the whole arm, e.g swinging a badminton racket.

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13
Q

What Type Of Bones Are Both The Ulna And The Radius & How Are They Used ?

A
  • Long Bones

- Used by muscles to move the lower arm, e.g bending at the elbow.

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14
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Femur & How Is It Used ?

A
  • Long Bone

- Used by muscles to move the whole leg, e.g when running.

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15
Q

What Type Of Bones Are Both The Fibula And The Tibia & How Are They Used ?

A
  • Long Bones

- Used by muscles to move the lower leg, e.g to kick a football.

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16
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Metacarpals & How Is It Used ?

A
  • Long Bone

- Used by muscles to allow the hand to grip, e.g to hold a cricket bat.

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17
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Phalanges & How Is It Used ?

A
  • Long Bone

- Used by muscles to move and bend the fingers and toes.

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18
Q

What Type Of Bone Is The Metatarsal & How Is It Used ?

A
  • Long Bone

- Used by muscles to move the foot, e.g when jumping.

19
Q

How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Cervical & Where Is It Located ?

A
  • 7 vertebrae.

- Located at the top of the spine.

20
Q

How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Thoracic & Where Is It Located ?

A
  • 12 Vertebrae.

- Located below the cervical region.

21
Q

How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Lumbar & Where Is It Located ?

A
  • 5 Vertebrae.

- Located below the thoracic region.

22
Q

How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Sacrum & Where Is It Located ?

A
  • 5 Vertebrae.

- Fused together below the the lumbar region.

23
Q

How Many Vertebrae Are There In The Coccyx & Where Is It Located ?

A
  • 4 Vertebrae.

- Fused together at the bottom of the spine.

24
Q

What Are The Names Of The Top 2 Vertebrae In The Spine ?

A
  • Atlas & Axis.
25
Q

What 2 Bones Make Up The Hip ?

A
  • Pelvis & Femur
26
Q

What 2 Bones Make Up The Shoulder ?

A
  • Humerus & Scapula
27
Q

What 2 Bones Make Up The Knee ?

A
  • Femur & Tibia
28
Q

What 3 Bones Make Up The Ankle ?

A
  • Tibia, Fibula & Talus ( One of the tarsals)
29
Q

What 3 Bones Make Up The Elbow ?

A
  • Humerus, Radius & Ulna.
30
Q

What Are Joints ?

A
  • Joints are where 2+ bones meet.
31
Q

What Are The Articulating Bones ?

A
  • Where the bones meet at a joint.
32
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Flexion ?

A
  • Closing a joint, e.g the wrist movement during a basketball throw ?
33
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Extension ?

A
  • Opening a joint, e.g kicking a football.
34
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Adduction ?

A
  • Moving towards an imaginary centre line, e.g swinging a gold club.
35
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Abduction ?

A
  • Moving away from an imaginary centre line, e.g taking back tennis racket before swinging it.
36
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Roation ?

A
  • Clockwise or Anticlockwise movement, e.g the leg movement during a turnout in ballet.
37
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Circumduction ?

A
  • Movement of a limb, hand or foot in a circular motion, e.g to bowl a cricket ball. (Overarm Rotaion)
38
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Plantar-Flexion ?

A
  • Extension at the ankle, e.g pointing the toes during gymnastics.
39
Q

What Is The Definition For The Movement Dorsi-Flexion ?

A
  • Flexion at the ankle, e.g lifting the toes during gymnastics.
40
Q

What Are Ligaments ?

A
  • Holds bones together to restrict how much joints can move.
  • This helps maintain the stability of the skeleton and prevents dislocation of joints.
  • Made of tough and fibrous tissue.
  • They also protect bones and joints by absorbing shock.
41
Q

What Are Tendons ?

A
  • Attach muscles to bones (or to other muscles) to allow bones to move when muscles contract.
42
Q

What Is A Cartilage ?

A
  • Acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement.
43
Q

What Type Of Joints Are: Ball & Socket, Hinge, Condyloid And Pivot

A
  • Synovial Joint.
44
Q

What Is The Synovial Joint Held Together By ?

A
  • Held by ligaments.

Physical Education (GCSE OCR) (2 decks)

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