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Physical Education (GCSE OCR) > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What Are Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscles ?

A
  • Attached to skeleton and are under your control.

- They help to move the body.

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2
Q

What Are Involuntary (Smooth) Muscles ?

A
  • Work internal organs without effort from you, e.g muscles in blood vessels control the amount of blood flowing to voluntary muscles.
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3
Q

What Type Of Muscle Is The Cardiac Muscle ?

A
  • Type of Involuntary Muscle that form the heart.
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4
Q

What Is The Function Of The Pectoralis Major Muscle ?

A
  • Adduction and Flexion (horizontally) at the shoulder, e.g during a forehand drive in tennis.
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5
Q

What Is The Function Of The Deltoid Muscle ?

A
  • Flexion, Extension, Abduction or circumduction at the shoulder, e.g during front crawl during swimming.
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6
Q

What Is The Function Of The Biceps Muscles ?

A
  • Flexion at the elbow, e.g when curling weights.
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7
Q

What Is The Function Of The External Obliques Muscle ?

A
  • Rotation or Flexion at the waist, e.g preparing to throw a discus.
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8
Q

What Is The Function Of The Hip Flexors Muscle ?

A
  • Flexion of the leg at the hip, e.g lifting the knee when sprinting.
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9
Q

What Is The Function Of The Abdominals Muscle ?

A
  • Flexion at the waist, e.g during a sit- up
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10
Q

What Is The Function Of The Quadriceps Muscle ?

A
  • Extension at the knee, e.g when performing a drop kick in rugby.
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11
Q

What Is The Function Of The Tibialis Anterior Muscle ?

A
  • Dorsi-flexion at the ankle, e.g during a heel slide turn in snowboarding.
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12
Q

What Is The Function Of The Trapezius Muscle ?

A
  • Extension at the neck ( tilting the head back), e.g preparing to head a football.
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13
Q

What Is The Function Of The Rotator Cuffs Muscle ?

A
  • Rotation and Abduction at the shoulder, e.g lifting the arms when preparing to dive.
  • They also stabilise when the shoulder joint during other movements.
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14
Q

What Is The Function Of The Triceps Muscle ?

A
  • Extension at the elbow, e.g during a jump shot in netball.
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15
Q

What Is The Function Of The Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ?

A
  • Extension , adduction or Rotation at the shoulder, e.g during butterfly stroke when swimming.
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16
Q

What Is The Function Of The Gluteals Muscle ?

A

-Extension, Rotation and abduction of the leg at the hip, e.g pushing the body forward when running.

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17
Q

What Is The Function Of The Hamstring Muscle ?

A
  • Flexion at the knee, e.g bringing the foot back before kicking the football.
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18
Q

What Is The Function Of The Gastrocnemius Muscle ?

A
  • Plantar-flexion at the ankle, e.g standing on the toes in ballet pointe work.
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19
Q

How Do You Make Joints Move In 2 Directions ?

A
  • By 2 muscles that can pull in opposite directions.
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20
Q

What Are Antagonistic Muscles ?

A
  • They are pairs of muscles that work against each other.

- One muscle contracts whilst the other relaxes & vice versa.

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21
Q

What Is The Agonist/Prime Mover ?

A
  • The muscle that contracts in the antagonistic pair.
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22
Q

What Is The Antagonist ?

A
  • The muscle that relaxes in the antagonistic pair.
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23
Q

Each Muscle Is Attached By 2 Bones By ?

24
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Only One Of The Bones Connected At The Joint Actually Moves.

25
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Flexion From The Knee ?

A
  • Hamstrings
26
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Flexion From The Knee ?

A
  • Quadriceps
27
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Extension From The Knee ?

A
  • Quadriceps
28
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Flexion From The Knee ?

A
  • Hamstrings
29
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Flexion From The Elbow ?

30
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Flexion From The Elbow ?

31
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Extension From The Elbow ?

32
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Extension From The Elbow ?

33
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Flexion From The Hip ?

A
  • Hip Flexors
34
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Flexion From The Hip ?

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
35
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Extension From The Hip ?

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
36
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Extension From The Hip ?

A
  • Hip Flexors
37
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Plantar-Flexion From The Ankle ?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
38
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Plantar-Flexion From The Ankle ?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
39
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Dorsri-Flexion From The Ankle ?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
40
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Dorsi-Flexion From The Ankle ?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
41
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Flexion From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Front part of deltoid
42
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Flexion From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Back part of deltoid
43
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Extension From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Back part of deltoid
44
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Extension From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Front part of deltoid
45
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Adduction From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Latissimus dorsi
46
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Adduction From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Middle part of deltoid
47
Q

What Is The Agonist Of Abduction From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Middle part of deltoid
48
Q

What Is The Antagonist Of Abduction From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Latissimus dorsi
49
Q

What Is The Agonists Of Rotation (turning arm outwards) From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Infraspinatus, teres minor
50
Q

What Is The Antagonists Of Rotation (turning arm outwards) From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Subscapularis
51
Q

What Is The Agonists Of Rotation (turning arm inwards) From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Subscapularis
52
Q

What Is The Antagonists Of Rotation (turning arm inwards) From The Shoulder ?

A
  • Infraspinatus, teres minor
53
Q

What Is Isometric Contraction ?

A
  • The muscle stays the same length, and so nothing moves.
54
Q

What Is Isotonic Contraction ?

A
  • The Muscle changes length and so something moves.
55
Q

What Is Concentric Contraction ?

A
  • This when a muscle contracts and shortens.

- This type of contraction pulls on a bone to cause movement to occur.

56
Q

What Is Eccentric Contraction ?

A
  • This is when a muscle contracts and lengthens.

- This helps you to control the speed of a movement.

57
Q

What Are All Muscles Made Of ?

Physical Education (GCSE OCR) (2 decks)

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