The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support, mineral storage, protection, hemopoiesis, movement, and stem cells
What’s red bone marrow?
Contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets
What is periosteum?
The membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones
What is Yellow bone marrow?
Made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cell
What is compact bone?
The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue
What can bones be filled with?
Arteries, veins and nutrient foramen’s
What is an osteocyte?
Mature cells that maintain bone tissue
What are osteoblasts? what do they produce?
They are immature active cells, found on inner and outer surfaces of bone. They produce osteoid.
What does the process of Osteogenesis do?
Process of making new bone
What are Osteoprogenitor cells?
They are cells that are on all surfaces of bone, and the have the ability to divide and differentiate into osteoblasts
What are Osteoclasts?
They are multinucleanated cells that preform osteolysis
When and why would you ever want to dissolve a bone matrix?
What are some functional differences between compact and spongy bone?
- Epiphyses (ends)
- Diaphysis (shaft)
- Metaphysis (Connection api and dia)
What is the Periosteum?
The membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones, contains collagen, outer fibrous and inner cellular layers.
What is the Endosteum?
Incomplete cellular layer containing; osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoclasts
What are the functions of the Periosteum?
Isolates and protects bones, as well as attachment place for circulatory and nerve supply, participates in bone growth
What is the skeleton made of in the first six weeks of development?
Cartilage
What is the process of depositing salts into tissues?
Calcification
What is Endochondral Ossification?
Bone development of hyaline cartilage, and growth in length
What is Myology?
The study of muscle
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscles?
Long, striated cells with multiple nuclei, contraction for voluntary movements
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?
Long, spindle-shaped cells, each with a single nucleus, usually found in hollow organs. Propulsion of substances along internal passageways
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscles?
Branching and striated cells fused to plasma membranes. it pumps blood in the circulatory system
What are the four basic properties all muscle tissues share?
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity
In the sliding filament theory do the H and I band get smaller, or bigger?
Smaller
In the sliding filament theory does the zone of overlap get?
It gets bigger
What doe the Z lines do in the sliding filament theory?
Does the width of the A band always remain constant?
Yes
What are the features of fast or white skeletal muscle fibres?
Large in diameter, larg eglucogen reserves, few mitochondria, fatigue easy, contacts in 0.01 seconds or less
What are the features of slow or red skeletal muscle fibres?
half diameter of fast fibres, three times as long to contract, abundant mitochondria, aerobic metabolism, extensive network of capillaries, myoglobin makes them red
What are the characteristics of intermediate skeletal muscle fibres?
Properties intermediate of those fast and slow fibres
