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Anatomy > The Shoulder Girdle > Flashcards

The Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

Define the shoulder girdle -

A

Bones joints and muscles associated with the attachment of the upper limb to the trunk (sternum)

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2
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle ?
Joints in the shoulder girdle -

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum

Joints - acromioclavicular
Sternoclavicular
Scapula-thoracic junction (medial side of scapula to back of ribs)

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3
Q

What are the functions of the shoulder girdle?

A

Increases ROM in the upper limb by changing the position of the glenoid fossa
Clavicle absorbs tension and compression stresses, allowing transmission of forces from upper limb to trunk

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4
Q

Describe the shape of the clavicle and the medial and lateral end:

A

S shaped bone
Medial end - convex anteriorly
Rounded, triangular cross section
Articulates with sternum (sternoclavicular joint)

Lateral end - broad and flattened
Concave anteriorly
Articulates with acromion process of scapula (acromioclavicular joint)

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5
Q

Bony points on the clavicle
Deltoid tubercle -
Trapezoid line and conoid tubercle -

A

Deltoid - attachment of anterior fibres of deltoid

Trapezoid and conoid - attachment of the coracoclavicular ligament

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6
Q

Bony points on clavicle
Subclavian groove -
Costal tuberosity -

A

Subclavian - subclavian vessels - blood vessels

Costal tuberosity - attachment of the costoclavicular ligament

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7
Q

What muscles attach to the clavicle ?

A

Sternocleidmastoid
Pectoralis major
Trapezius (upper)
Deltoid (anterior)
Subclavius - sits under clavicle

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8
Q

Describe the scapula:

A

Sits posteriorly
‘Flat’ bone
Articulates with humerus, forming gleno-humeral joint
Articulates with the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint
Many bony points for the muscle attachment

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9
Q

Describe the borders and angles of the scapula -
(Posterior spect)

A

3 borders - medial, lateral and superior
2 angles - inferior and superior
2 surfaces - anterior (costal), posterior (dorsal)
Spine of scapula
Acromion process
Supraspinous/infraspinous fossa

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10
Q

Describe aspects of the scapula -
(Anterior)

A

Subscapular fossa
Coracoid process
Infraglenoid/supraglenoid tubercle
Glenoid cavity/fossa
Articular surface on acromion

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11
Q

Describe the aspects of the sternum:

A

Sits on body midline anteriorly
Articulates with clavicle (sternoclavicular) and ribs (first seven ribs)
Made up of three parts:
Manubrium - most superior
Sternum - middle section
Xiphoid process - inferior, smallest aspect

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12
Q

What is the shoulder complex made up of?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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13
Q

Joints of the shoulder girdle
Acromioclavicular joint -
Classify

A

Synovial plane joint
Between acromion of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
Articular surfaces - small facets on lateral clavicle and acromion process
Covered by fibrocartilage
Intra-Articular disc

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14
Q

Joints of the shoulder girdle
Acromioclavicular joint
Ligaments present and movement:

A

Ligaments - acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular
Movement - small gliding movements

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15
Q

Joints of the shoulder girdle
Sternoclavicular joint
Classify -

A

Between manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
Synovial saddle joint

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16
Q

Joints of the shoulder girdle
Sternoclavicular joint
Articular surfaces, ligaments and movement-

A

Articular surfaces - clavicle, covered in fibrocartilage
Manubrium - concave and covered in hyaline cartilage
Intra-Articular disc

Ligaments - anterior sternoclavicular
Posterior sternoclavicular
Costoclavicular
Movement - small gliding movements

17
Q

Describe the scapulothroacic junction -

A

Not a true joint
Articulation o the scapula with the thorax
Depends on the integrity of the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint
Any movement of the scapula on the thorax results in movement at either the ACJ or SCJ or both

18
Q

Movements at the the shoulder girdle
Elevation -
Depression -

A

Elevation - 10cm upwards
Produced by - upper trapezius and levator scapulae

Depression - 2cm downwards
Produced by - serrated anterior and pectoralis minor

19
Q

Movements at the shoulder girdle
Protraction-
Retraction -

A

Protraction - forwards 5cm anterior movement
Produced by - serrated anterior and pectoralis minor

Retraction - 2cm from normal posture
Produced by - rhomboid major/minor and middle trapezius

20
Q

Movements at the shoulder girdle
Lateral/upward rotation -
Medial/downward rotation -

A

Lateral - occurs when arm elevated above head
Produced by upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior

Medial - occurs when arm moves back to body
Produced by - rhomboid major/minor, pectoralis minor and levator scapulae

These rotations are real important as they are responsible for the huge ROM available at the shoulder joint

21
Q

Muscles acting on shoulder girdle
Subclavius -

A

Lies inferiorly to clavicle
Proximal - costochondral junction of 1st rib (more medial to distal attachment)
Distal - inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle

Nerve - subclavian nerve C5,6
Actions - stabilises the sternoclavicular joint
Depresses lateral end of the clavicle

22
Q

Muscles acting on shoulder girdle
Pectoralis minor -

A

On the anterior chest wall
Proximal - anterior and superior surfaces ribs 3,4,5
Distal - coracoid process of scapula

Nerve - medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-8 and T1
Actions - shoulder girdle depression/protraction
Accessory muscle of respiration

23
Q

Muscles acting on shoulder girdle
Serratus anterior -

A

Proximal - anterior (costal) surface of medial border or scapula
Distal - lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs

Nerve - long thoracic nerve C5-7
Actions - shoulder girdle depression and lateral rotation of scapula

24
Q

Muscles acting on the shoulder girdle
Trapezius, upper attachments and actions -

A

Proximal - superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance (bony projection at base of skull)
Distal - lateral 1/3 clavicle

Nerve- accessory nerve C3,4
Action - elevation of shoulder girdle
Lateral ovation of scapula
Cervical side flexion and extension

25
Q

Muscles acting on shoulder girdle
Trapezius, middle attachments and action -

A

Proximal - ligamentum nuchae (near cervical area of spine)
Distal - acromion and spine of scapula

Nerve - accessory nerve C3,4
Actions - retraction of shoulder girdle

26
Q

Muscles acting on the shoulder girdle
Trapezius, lower attachments and actions -

A

Proximal - spinous process of C7-T12
Supraspinous ligament
Distal - medial end of scapula spine

Nerve -accessory nerve C,4
Actions - lateral rotation of scapula
Depression of shoulder girdle

27
Q

Functional activates produced by trapezius
Steadies scapula and clavicle -

Provides fixation of neck/head -

A

Steadies scapula and clavicle Nerve- (upper)
Against gravity and carrying weights

Provides fixation of neck/head - controls head position when leaning forwards for example reading/writing

28
Q

Functional activities produced by trapezius
Laterally rotates scpaula -

Retracts scapula -

Depression of scapula against resistance -

A

Rotates - allows for above head activities - brushing hair, reaching for high items etc

Retracts scapula - putting on coat, opening doors

Depression of scapula against resistance - pushing up with hands from chair

29
Q

Muscles acting on the shoulder girdle
Levator scapulae -

A

Proximal - superior portion of medial border of scapula
Distal - transverse processes C1-4
(Proximal is below distal here)

Nerve - dorsal scapular nerve C4,5
Actions - elevation of shoulder girdle
Medial rotation scapula
Cervical extension (bilateral)
Cervical Side flexion (unilateral)

30
Q

Muscles acting on shoulder girdle
Rhomboid minor -

A

Proximal - spinous processes C7-T1
Ligamentum nuchae
Distal - medial border of scapula at root of spine

Nerve - dorsal scapular nerve C4,5
Actions - elevation of scapula
Retraction of scapula

31
Q

Muscles acting on the shoulder girdle
Rhomboid major -

A

Proximal - spinous processes T2-5
Intervening Supraspinous ligaments
Distal - medial border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle

Nerve supply - dorsal scapular nerve C4,5
Actions - elevation of scapula
Retraction of scapula

Anatomy (9 decks)

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