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THE SETTING OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the Setting of the New Testament

A
  1. The Persian Period (539 – 334 BC)
  2. The Greek Period (334 – 166 BC)
    ▪ Alexander the Great and the Hellenization of Palestine
    ▪ Ptolemaic Domination of Israel (323 – 198 BC)
    ▪ Seleucid Domination of Palestine (198 – 166 BC)
  3. The Maccabees and Jewish Independence (166 – 63 BC)
    ▪ The Maccabean Revolt (166 – 135 BC)
    ▪ The Hasmonean Dynasty (135 – 63 BC)
  4. The Roman Period (63 BC – AD 135)
    ▪ Herod the Great
    ▪ The Herodian Dynasty
    ▪ Roman Rule and the Pax Romana
    ▪ The Jewish Revolt of AD 66 – 73
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2
Q

What does AD stand for?

A

ANNO DOMINI

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3
Q

What does “ANNO DOMINI” mean?

A

“the year of our Lord”

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4
Q

What can used to replace BC (Before Christ)?

A

CE (COMMON ERA) or BCE (Before the Common Era)

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5
Q

This refers to the period in which Christianity and Judaism existed together.

A

COMMON ERA (CE)

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6
Q

Enumerate the Foreign Domination of Israel during the OLD TESTAMENT.

A

The Assyrian Empire (722-605 BC)
The Babylonian Empire (605-539 BC)
The Persian Empire (539-334 BC)

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7
Q

His most influential role in history and his most enduring legacy for the New Testament background is his promotion of the process of Hellenization.

A

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

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8
Q

What does “Hellas” from the word “Hellinization” means?

A

GREECE

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9
Q

This refers to the spread of Greek language and culture.

A

HELLENIZATION

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10
Q

This is the use of common Greek as the lingua franca, or trade end diplomatic language and is one of the most important results of Hellenization for the background to the New Testament

A

KOINE

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11
Q

The Israel of Jesus day was _________.

A

TRILINGUAL

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12
Q

In the Israel of Jesus day, this is the language used in reading and spoken in religious contexts.

A

HEBREW

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13
Q

In the Israel of Jesus day, this is the lingua franca prior to Alexander’s conquest-was the language of the common people

A

ARAMAIC

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14
Q

In the Israel of Jesus day, this was the language of trade and government.

A

GREEK

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15
Q

This language would have also been spoken by Riman officials.

A

LATIN

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16
Q

When Alexander the Great died in _______ BC, a power struggle ensued for control of his empire. ______ and ______ between his _____ leading generals eventually resulted in the establishment of two great dynasties.

A

523 BC; WAR; CONFLICT; FOUR;

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17
Q

What are the two (2) dynasties that arose after Alexander’s death?

A

PTOLEMIES; SELEUCIDS

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18
Q

In what country do Ptolemies come from?

A

EGYPT

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19
Q

In what country fo the Seleucids come from?

A

SYRIA

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20
Q

Because Israel was strategically located between Syria and Egypt,
the nation became caught in a tug-of-war between these two rivals.
The __________ gained control of Israel and ruled her for 125 years.
The ___________ lived in relative peace and prosperity under Ptolemaic
rule.

A

PTOLEMIES; JEWS

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21
Q

PTOLEMAIC DOMINATION OF ISRAEL (323 - 198 BC)

This is the capital of the Ptolemaic Empire which developed into a major center of scholarship and learning.

A

ALEXANDRIA

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22
Q

PTOLEMAIC DOMINATION OF ISRAEL (323 - 198 BC)

One of the most significant literary achievements of this period was the translation of the ______________ (abbreviated as ______), the Greek version of the old testament.

A

SEPTUAGINT (LXX)

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23
Q

PTOLEMAIC DOMINATION OF ISRAEL (323 - 198 BC)

This became the primary bible of both Jews of the Diaspora and the early Christians.

A

SEPTUAGINT (LXX)

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24
Q

PTOLEMAIC DOMINATION OF ISRAEL (323 - 198 BC)

This means “dispersion” and refers to Jews who were not living in Israel but were dispersed throughout the rest of the Mediterranean world.

A

DIASPORA

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25
Q

SELEUCID DOMINATION OF PALESTINE (198 - 166 BC)

A key figure in this era.

A

ANTIOCHUS IV “Epiphanes”

26
Q

SELEUCID DOMINATION OF PALESTINE (198 - 166 BC)

Under ____________ (175-163), Israel would face perhaps the greatest threat to survival ever.

A

ANTIOCHUS IV “EPIPHANES”

27
Q

SELEUCID DOMINATION OF PALESTINE (198 - 166 BC)

Antiochus called himself _____________, which means ___________ - a claim to be a god.

A

EPIPHANES; “MANIFEST ONE”

28
Q

SELEUCID DOMINATION OF PALESTINE (198 - 166 BC)

What nickname did Epiphanes earned due to his erratic behavior.

A

“EPIMANES” -> MADMAN

29
Q

THE MACCABEAN REVOLT (166-135 BC)

This broke out in the Judean village of ________, led by an old priest named __________.

A

MODEIN; MATTATHIAS

30
Q

THE MACCABEAN REVOLT (166-135 BC)

He died in 166 BC, leaving his son Judas to lead the revolt (166-160 BC)

A

MATTATHIAS

31
Q

THE MACCABEAN REVOLT (166-135 BC)

His prowess in battle earned him the nickname “__________” meaning “______”.

A

MACCABEUS; HAMMER

32
Q

THE MACCABEAN REVOLT (166-135 BC)

In 164 BC, the ________ was liberated and rededicated. The celebration is known as __________.

A

TEMPLE; HANUKKAH

33
Q

THE HASMONEAN DYNASTY (135-63 BC)

After _____ was killed in battle in 160 BC, leadership passed to his brother, first ________ (160-143 BC) and then ______ (143-135 BC).

A

JONATHAN; SIMON

34
Q

THE HASMONEAN DYNASTY (135-63 BC)

He eventually gained political independence from the Syrians, taking the title “leader and high priest”. He thus established the _________________ (named after _________, an ancestor of Mattathias), a line of priest-kings who would rule Israel until the Roman occupation in 63 BC.

A

SIMON; HASMONEAN DYNASTY; HASMON

35
Q

THE ROMAN PERIOD (63 BC - 135 AD)

In 63 BC, the Roman general ______ captured Jerusalem weakened by a power struggle between two Hasmoneans.

36
Q

THE ROMAN PERIOD (63 BC - 135 AD)

The conquering Romans made ___________ a high priest and __________ (“ruler of people” a title for a minor ruler)

A

HYRCANUS II; ETHNARCH

37
Q

THE ROMAN PERIOD (63 BC - 135 AD)

This is a title for a minor ruler.

A

ETHNARCH (“RULER OF THE PEOPLE”

38
Q

THE ROMAN PERIOD (63 BC - 135 AD)

The Romans made __________ governor of Judea. and he appointed his sons ______ and _______ as military governors of Jersualem and ________.

A

ANTIPATER; PHASAEL; HEROD; GAILEE

39
Q

He is appointed by the Romans the King of Judea in 40 BC, but met protest by the Jews.

A

HEROD THE GREAT

40
Q

He defeated and executed _________, the last of the Hasmonean rulers.

A

HEROD TG; ANTIOGONUS

41
Q

He ruled as king of the Jews under Roman authority for _______________. from 37-4 BC.

A

HEROD THE GREAT; 33 YEARS

42
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

VARIOUS FACTORS THAT LED TO THE REVOLT

  1. Traditional conflict between ________ and __________.
A

HELLENIZERS; CONSERVATIVES

43
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

VARIOUS FACTORS THAT LED TO THE REVOLT

  1. Widespread _______ and _________ by wealthy _________ and ________.
A

CORRUPTION; OPPRESSION; ARISTOCRATS; LANDOWNERS

44
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

VARIOUS FACTORS THAT LED TO THE REVOLT

  1. Severe Roman ___________.
45
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

VARIOUS FACTORS THAT LED TO THE REVOLT

  1. Heavy-handed Roman ____________ of ____________.
A

SUPPRESSION; OPPOSITION

46
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

VARIOUS FACTORS THAT LED TO THE REVOLT

  1. At times ________ and _________ Roman administration.
A

INCOMPETENT; INSENSITIVE

47
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

He was the procurator of Judea while Neo was the emperor.

A

GESSIUS FLORUS

48
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

Sent by Emperor Nero to put down the revolt. He began conquering the cities of Galilee and Judea.

A

GENERAL VESPASIAN

49
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

When Nero died, he returned to Rome and succeeded Nero as the new emperor,

A

GENERAL VESPASIAN

50
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

He is the son of Vespasian completed the battle for Jerusalem.

51
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

In AD 70, after a horrific ________-year siege, Jerusalem was taken and the temple destroyed.

52
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

Pockets of Jewish resistance held out for several years after Jerusalem’s collapse. The last ________ to fall was the
__________________________ in AD 73.

A

citadel; mountaintop fortress in MASADA

53
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

To reach the mountaintop fortress in Masada, the Romans built a massive ______ _______.

A

EARTHEN RAMO

54
Q

THE JEWISH REVOLT OF AD (66 - 73 AD)

According to _______, when the Rimans finally breached the walls, they found that the _________ Jewish defenders had ________________ rather than surrender.

A

JOSEPHUS; 900; COMMITTED SUICIDE

55
Q

AFTER THE WAR

__________was reorganized as a Roman province.

56
Q

AFTER THE WAR

The war had profound and transforming effect on _________.

1) The ______ ________ lost its influence and eventually disappeared from history.
2) Study of ______ and worship in the _______ replaced the sacrificial system as the heart of Jewish religious life.

A

JUDAISM; PRIESTLY HIERARCHY; TORAH; SYNAGOGUE

57
Q

AFTER THE WAR

He, in the years after the Jewish
War established an academy for the study of the law at
Jamnia (or Jabneh) on the Mediterranean coast.

A

Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai

58
Q

AFTER THE WAR

Where did Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai established his academy?

A

JAMNIA (or JABNEH)

59
Q

What is the SECOND JEWISH REBELLION?

A

THE BAR KOKHBA REVOLT

60
Q

The Bar Kokhba Revolt was led by ______________, nicknamed”________” (“_____________”) when Emperor _______ banned circumcision and ordered the building of a temple of ________ on the Temple ______.

A

SIMON BAR KOSEBA; BAR KOKH-BA; SON OF THE STAR; CIRCUMCISION; JUPITER; MOUNT

CHS 2 (4 decks)

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