THE SELF IN PHILOSPHICAL PERSPECTIVE Flashcards
What are the root of effectiveness?
Personality and Character
can be shed, can change, its
health depends on the environment
Personality
it’s immovable, takes longer to
develop, stays strong even in the harshest of
weathers
Character
“We live in a world of loneliness.”
– Johann Yari-
Journalist
Pinoy millennials are more stressed, anxious than
global peers – study
The survey revealed that 57% of Filipino
millennials feel anxious or stressed all or most of
the time, compared to 44% of their peers
globally. Top stressors being their current
financial situation and concern for the welfare of
their family.
➢ For this fraction of Filipino millennials, the study
said that 65% reported that concerns about the
welfare of their family contribute a lot to their
feelings of stress, followed by their physical
health (54%), their long-term financial future
(53%), their day-to-day finances (51%), and their
job/career prospects (47%).
“Knowing others is intelligence, but knowing yourself
is WISDOM.”
– Lao Tzu
Aspects of the self that make up its integral parts:
Self-awareness, Self-esteem, Self-knowledge,
Self-perception
With these aspects, the person is able to alter,
change, add, and/or modify himself or herself for the
purpose of gaining social acceptance.
Self-awareness, Self-esteem, Self-knowledge,
Self-perception
is an important study in psychology. It holds
that the “__” is either the cognitive or the affective
representation of the individual.
“self”
relating to or involving conscious
intellectual activity
Cognitive
relating to or arising from feelings
influenced by emotions
Affective
sees the “self” as a product of social
interactions, developed over time through social
activities and experiences.
Sociology
views the “self” as a culturally shaped
constructor idea. Anthropologists assert that it is an
autonomous participant in the society as much as it is
submerged in the community.
Anthropology
sees the “self” as having characteristics
or properties that can be used to describe it.
Psychology
in the study pointed out that the “self” is
related to its physical and social environment, it is
unique, and it is necessary to its experiences.
Pioneers
(known for his
interpretations of Eastern philosophy and mythology)
talked about the great “myths” of the self.
British philosopher Alan Watts
The term __” is not used to describe a
false story but a means to interpret a reality
“myth
“the world is an artifact”
- there is a clear distinction between the
creator and the creation
- possesses an internal distinction from its
external environment
- even though the “self” functions in the world,
the “self” is still its own
West
“the world is a drama and all things are actors
with specific parts to play”
- there is no distinction between the creator
and the creation as all that exists is immersed
in one and the same existence
- the “self” is seen through the eyes of a
community, rather than a detached, single
entity
East
no matter how intimately bound it is
with the bearer, however, is not the person. It
is only a signifier. A person who was named
after a saint most probably will not become
an actual saint. The SELF is thought to be
something else than the name. The SELF is
something that a person perennially molds,
shapes, and develops.
A name,
man’s attempt to think most speculatively,
reflectively, and systematically about the
universe in which he lives and his relationship to
that universe
Philosophy
Greek words: philo means
loving
Greek words: sophia means
knowldge or wisdom
The term __ is originally used by the Greeks
meant “the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake.”
philosophy
The physical structure of a person or an animal,
including the bones, flesh, and organs
body
The physical structure of a person or an animal,
including the bones, flesh, and organs
body
The spiritual or immaterial part of a human being
or animal, regarded as immortal (a person’s
moral or emotional nature or sense of identity)
soul
Emotional or intellectual energy or intensity,
especially as revealed in a work of art or an
artistic performance
Soul
The essence or embodiment of a specified
quality
Soul
is not to be identified with what we own, with
our social status, our reputation, or even with our
body
Socrates
Famously maintained that our true self is our soul
socrates
He was more concerned with understanding one
SELF rather than how the world works
→ Every man is composed of body and soul
→ Every human person is dualistic, that is, he is
composed of two important aspects of personhood
→ All individuals have an imperfect, impermanent
aspect, the body, while maintaining that there is also
a soul that is perfect and permanent
→ Affirms that “the unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
“I know that I don’t know”
▪ He never wrote anything
Socrates
Knowledge about him is through second-hand
information from the writings of his student Plato
Socrates
Known for his method of inquiry in testing an idea
called the Socratic Method whereby an idea was
tested by asking a series of questions to determine
underlying beliefs and the extent of knowledge to
guide the person toward better understanding
Socrate
At 70 years old, he was sentenced to death by
drinking a cup of poison hemlock
Socrates
➢ The soul is immortal.
➢ The care of the soul is the task of philosophy.
➢ Virtue is necessary to attain happiness.
Socrates
Believed that philosophy had a very important role to
play in the lives of the people
sorates
Existence is of two kinds:
visible and invisible
– changes (the body)
visible
remains constant (the kind that
is invisible to humans yet sensed and
understood by the mind)
invisible
Plato wrote what Socrates
said about the body and the soul: “When the soul and
body are together, nature assigns our body to be a
slave and to be ruled and the soul to be ruler and
master”
In the Socratic Dialogue,
He said that the body was a reluctant slave, and the
soul gets dragged toward what is always changing.
This would leave the soul confused.
Socarets
he also believed that the goal of life is to be
happy. The virtuous man is a happy man.
socrates
one and only supreme good that will secure
his/her happiness; moral excellence; an individual is
considered virtuous if his/her character is made up of
the moral qualities that are accepted as virtues, i.e.,
courage, temperance, prudence, and justice
Virtue
Was a student of Socrates who became known
through his dialogues
→ “Man is the soul enclosed in a body.”
Plato
“Man is the soul enclosed in a body.”
Plato
3 components to the soul, accodring to Plato:
rational, spirited, appetetive
(awareness of a goal or a
value) – reasoning; the element that forbids the
person to enjoy the sensual experiences; the
part that loves truth, hence, should rule over the
other parts of the soul through the use of reason
The rational soul
(drive toward action) –
feeling; The element that is inclined toward
reason but understands the demands of passion;
the part that loves honor and victory
The spirited soul
(desire for the things of the
body) – sensual; The element that enjoys
sensual experiences, such as food, drink, and
sex
The appetitive soul
is the life of inner harmony of well-
being, of happiness.
good life
“Good actions give strength to ourselves and inspire
good actions in others.”
palato
“Balance between mind and body”
plato
Wrote the Socratic Dialogue where Socrates was the
main character and speaker
plato
the
philosopher would collect all the generic ideas that
seemed to have common characteristics and then
divided them into different kinds until the subdivision
of ideas became specific
Collection and division
Best known for his Theory of Forms that asserted
the physical world is not really the “real” world
because the ultimate reality exists beyond the
physical world
plato
The “soul” is indeed the most divine aspect of the
human being
plato
His concept of the divine is not a spiritual being but
rather one that has an intellectual connotation. The
self/soul/mind according to _- is the aspect of
the human beings by which the Forms (ideas) are
known.
Plato
Hippo, Latin Father of
the Church, Doctor of the Church, a significant
Christian thinker)
St. Augustine