THE SELF FROM SOCIOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Flashcards
A social science that studies human societies,
their interactions, and the processes that
preserve and change them
Sociology
Sociological self is a socially formed norms,
beliefs, and values come to exist within a person
to a degree where these become natural and
normal (organic & rational)
Sociology
“The science of humanity,” which studies human
beings in aspects ranging from the biology and
evolutionary history of Homo sapiens to the
features of society and culture that decisively
distinguish humans from other animal species
Anthropology
The study of people past and present and how it
evolves especially in the cultural aspects
Anthropology
.. is a force/ideas that from sociology
which forms the psychological and biological
aspect of the SELF
Anthropology
. debate is one of
the oldest issues in psychology
The nature versus nurture
The influence of our inherited characteristics on our
personality, physical growth, intellectual growth and
social interactions
Nature
The influence of the environment on personality,
physical growth, intellectual growth and social
interactions
Nurture
According to Mead, 3 activities develop the self:
language, play, games
develops self by allowing
individuals to respond to each other through
symbols, gestures, words, and sounds
Language
develops self by allowing individuals to
take on different roles, pretend, and express
expectation of others; develops one’s self-
consciousness through role-playing
Play
.. develop self by allowing individuals to
understand and adhere to the rules of the
activity; self is developed by understanding that there are rules in which one must abide
by in order to win the game or be successful
at an activity
Games
Self-sacrificing
Dependable
Generous
Helpful to others
COLLESTIVIST
Strong
Self-reliant
Assertive
Independent
INDIVIDUALIST
– the self is
a dynamic process, “no
self, no soul” ( annatta)
self is an enduring entity
Buddhism
self is
that of personality –
something that if formed
through upbringing and
the environment
Confucianism
– Brahman is
the self that is all within
us
Hinduism
– “self” is
real in the sense that
he/she exists through
God’s grace; he/she
expresses himself or
herself in the created
world of common
experience in
psychological terms and
moral behavior
Christianity
self is Naf’s,
something to be
nurtured and self-
regulated; Islam used
both the individualistic
and collective sense
Islam
– self is one of
the countless
manifestations of Tao;
self entails conscious
transformation of a
balanced life in harmony
with both nature and
society
Taoism
➢ Cosmological unity
➢ Life is a journey towards
eternal realities that are
beyond the realities that
surround us
➢ Circular view of the
universe, based on the
perception of eternal
recurrence
➢ Inner-world dependent
➢ Self-liberation from the
false “Me” and finding
the true “Me.” The
highest state is believed
to be a state of ‘no-self,’
where neither self-worth
nor self-importance
have any real meaning
➢ Behavioral ethics
east
➢ Feeling oneself as an
element of the Divine
➢ Life is a service (to the
God, money, business,
etc.)
➢ Linear view of the
universe and the life,
based on the Christian
philosophy where
everything has its
beginning and the end
➢ Outer-world dependent
➢ Self-dedication to the
goal (big dream, life
vision, happiness,
personal success, etc.)
west
Holistic approach – all
events in the universe
are interconnected
➢ Searching Inside
yourself – by becoming
a part of the universe
through meditation and
right living
east
➢ More focused on
individual events and
the roles of the person
➢ Searching outside
yourself – through
research and analysis
west
