The Scottish Wars Of Independence Flashcards
What is the Golden Age of Scotland
The reign of Alexander III
What was happening to Scotland in the thirteenth century
The kingdom was increasing in confidence
In what way did the Civil war help Alexander
it helped him in land dealings with the Kings of Norway and Mann.
Who was the king of norway
Haakon IV
What did Haakon do
he assembled a fleet of defence for the westeren isles but it was delayed due to other events, and wasn’t ready until late July in 1263
When did Haakon die
16th December 1263 due to ill health
When did the invasion of the isle of man take place and who led it
1264, and was led by Alexander III
What happened in 1265
The scots led an expedition into Ross, Caithness and Skye
What was the treaty of perth and when did it happen
It oversaw ownership of the Western isles being officially transferred to the King of Scots. 1266
What were the two issues that dominated the Anglo-Scottish relationship in 12th and 13th century
Permanent borders and question over lordship
When was the Treaty of York, and what was it
- This is where the scots formally gave up their claims to Northumbria and Cumbria
What was a threat to the Scottish and English relationship
The Scottish and French alliance
when was the treaty of falaise
1174
Who married Alexander
Edward’s sister, Margaret
How did problems arise for the scottish church
due to the lack of a Scottish Archbishop to make appeals directly to the Pope in Rome
What happened in 1192
Scottish bishops successfully appealed to the Pope to prevent the Archbishop of York from affecting their independence
What happened in the mid 1280’s
Alexander’s wife, son and daughter died. Meaning there was no heir to the throne. It also gave Alexander personal issues and a political headache for the kingdom
what happened in 1285
Alexander chose Yolande, daughter of powerful french noble family, to be his wife
When did Alexander III die
19th March 1286
Who saw the chance to seize the power of the Scottish kingdom
John Balliol (ally of powerful Comyn family) and Robert Bruce (grandfather to future Robert I)
Who was Robert Bruce
Lord of Annandale
Who was John Balliol
son of a wealthy french noble, Lady Dervorgilla
What did the two share in common
They were both descendants of David I
Who was the next heir to the throne
Margaret, Maid of Norway. As all of Alexander’s children had died before him
Why did Alexander’s daughter marry the King of Norway
Due to the treaty of perth (1266)
How did the Treaty of Perth come about
As it was established between the two kingdoms following the Battle of Largs (1263)
When were the Guardians chosen
1286 at the Palace of Scone
Who were the Guardians
Fraser of St. Andrews, Robert Wishart of Glasgow, John Comyn of Badenoch, James the Steward, Alexander Comyn, Duncan
What was the community of the realm
Powerful families in Scotland accepted that the good of the Kingdom was more important than the ambitions of the individuals who made up the ruling elite
Why was the propsoal of Margaret by Edward the perfect solution
It solved the potential threat of civil war in Scotland
When was the treaty of birgham
1290
What did Edward demand the scots should do
He demanded that the Scots accept him as their feudal overlord before deciding who the King of Scots should be
What was the Great Cause
Choosing a new king
how many claimants had a serious claim
3/13
What were the three all of
Descendants of Daughters of David Earl of Huntingdon
What was the award of Norham
agreement of claimants
What happened on the 12th June 1291
All 9 claimants had sworn an oath to the English King
What did the Claimants agree to
That Edward was overlord and that he had legal possession of kingdom and that it was his to freely give away
What happened on the 17th Nov 1292
John balliol had a better claim than Robert Bruce
what happened 10 June 1291
Balliol gave his oath to King Edward, when the others had already
What is primogeniture
Inhertiance law. This stated that the eldest child would be the heir to the throne. Balliol was a descendant of Earl David’s eldest daughter while Robert the Bruce was a descendant of Earl David’s middle daughter
What are some significant events that took place
Death of Alexander’s children - 1280’s
Death of Alexander - 19th March 1286
6 guardians
community of the realm
Treaty of Birgham - marriage treaty
Death of maid of Norway
Overlordship at Norham
Award of Norham
Edward’s decision
John Balliol becomes King
