The Scottish Wars Of Independence

Question 1

What is the Golden Age of Scotland

Answer 1

The reign of Alexander III

Question 2

What was happening to Scotland in the thirteenth century

Answer 2

The kingdom was increasing in confidence

Question 3

In what way did the Civil war help Alexander

Answer 3

it helped him in land dealings with the Kings of Norway and Mann.

Question 4

Who was the king of norway

Answer 4

Haakon IV

Question 5

What did Haakon do

Answer 5

he assembled a fleet of defence for the westeren isles but it was delayed due to other events, and wasn’t ready until late July in 1263

Question 6

When did Haakon die

Answer 6

16th December 1263 due to ill health

Question 7

When did the invasion of the isle of man take place and who led it

Answer 7

1264, and was led by Alexander III

Question 8

What happened in 1265

Answer 8

The scots led an expedition into Ross, Caithness and Skye

Question 9

What was the treaty of perth and when did it happen

Answer 9

It oversaw ownership of the Western isles being officially transferred to the King of Scots. 1266

Question 10

What were the two issues that dominated the Anglo-Scottish relationship in 12th and 13th century

Answer 10

Permanent borders and question over lordship

Question 11

When was the Treaty of York, and what was it

Answer 11

1237. This is where the scots formally gave up their claims to Northumbria and Cumbria

Question 12

What was a threat to the Scottish and English relationship

Answer 12

The Scottish and French alliance

Question 13

when was the treaty of falaise

Answer 13

1174

Question 14

Who married Alexander

Answer 14

Edward’s sister, Margaret

Question 15

How did problems arise for the scottish church

Answer 15

due to the lack of a Scottish Archbishop to make appeals directly to the Pope in Rome

Question 16

What happened in 1192

Answer 16

Scottish bishops successfully appealed to the Pope to prevent the Archbishop of York from affecting their independence

Question 17

What happened in the mid 1280’s

Answer 17

Alexander’s wife, son and daughter died. Meaning there was no heir to the throne. It also gave Alexander personal issues and a political headache for the kingdom

Question 18

what happened in 1285

Answer 18

Alexander chose Yolande, daughter of powerful french noble family, to be his wife

Question 19

When did Alexander III die

Answer 19

19th March 1286

Question 20

Who saw the chance to seize the power of the Scottish kingdom

Answer 20

John Balliol (ally of powerful Comyn family) and Robert Bruce (grandfather to future Robert I)

Question 21

Who was Robert Bruce

Answer 21

Lord of Annandale

Question 22

Who was John Balliol

Answer 22

son of a wealthy french noble, Lady Dervorgilla

Question 23

What did the two share in common

Answer 23

They were both descendants of David I

Question 24

Who was the next heir to the throne

Answer 24

Margaret, Maid of Norway. As all of Alexander’s children had died before him

Question 25

Why did Alexander’s daughter marry the King of Norway

Answer 25

Due to the treaty of perth (1266)

Question 26

How did the Treaty of Perth come about

Answer 26

As it was established between the two kingdoms following the Battle of Largs (1263)

Question 27

When were the Guardians chosen

Answer 27

1286 at the Palace of Scone

Question 28

Who were the Guardians

Answer 28

Fraser of St. Andrews, Robert Wishart of Glasgow, John Comyn of Badenoch, James the Steward, Alexander Comyn, Duncan

Question 29

What was the community of the realm

Answer 29

Powerful families in Scotland accepted that the good of the Kingdom was more important than the ambitions of the individuals who made up the ruling elite

Question 30

Why was the propsoal of Margaret by Edward the perfect solution

Answer 30

It solved the potential threat of civil war in Scotland

Question 31

When was the treaty of birgham

Answer 31

1290

Question 32

What did Edward demand the scots should do

Answer 32

He demanded that the Scots accept him as their feudal overlord before deciding who the King of Scots should be

Question 33

What was the Great Cause

Answer 33

Choosing a new king

Question 34

how many claimants had a serious claim

Answer 34

3/13

Question 35

What were the three all of

Answer 35

Descendants of Daughters of David Earl of Huntingdon

Question 36

What was the award of Norham

Answer 36

agreement of claimants

Question 37

What happened on the 12th June 1291

Answer 37

All 9 claimants had sworn an oath to the English King

Question 38

What did the Claimants agree to

Answer 38

That Edward was overlord and that he had legal possession of kingdom and that it was his to freely give away

Question 39

What happened on the 17th Nov 1292

Answer 39

John balliol had a better claim than Robert Bruce

Question 40

what happened 10 June 1291

Answer 40

Balliol gave his oath to King Edward, when the others had already

Question 41

What is primogeniture

Answer 41

Inhertiance law. This stated that the eldest child would be the heir to the throne. Balliol was a descendant of Earl David’s eldest daughter while Robert the Bruce was a descendant of Earl David’s middle daughter

Question 42

What are some significant events that took place

Answer 42

Death of Alexander’s children - 1280’s

Death of Alexander - 19th March 1286

6 guardians

community of the realm

Treaty of Birgham - marriage treaty

Death of maid of Norway

Overlordship at Norham

Award of Norham

Edward’s decision

John Balliol becomes King