The Scopes Trial

Question 1

The Model T

Answer 1

• Rugged, bare bones, affordable
• Put automobile ownership within reach of most Americans
• by the end of the 1920’s, automobile sales are up to 5 million

Question 2

harlem renaissance

Answer 2

• Langston hughes, billy holliday, duke ellington

Question 3

The flapper

Answer 3

• Hip, young, urban women with short hair and skirts who danced, smoked, drank despite prohibition, and flouted sexual conformity

Question 4

•Speakeasies

Answer 4

•The way the snuck behind prohibition

Question 5

The KKK

Answer 5

• Comes back stronger
• This time it is a national organization
• 4 million members from Maine to Oregon
• not just targeting blacks
• also Jews, Catholics, union members, flappers and “loose women”
• 40000 kkk members march in Washington (1925)

Question 6

nativism

Answer 6

• nativists opposed any further immigration into the US by Asians, Jews, Italians, and eastern Europeans
• Henry Ford: one of the leading nativists

Question 7

National origins act of 1924

Answer 7

• Restricted immigration quotas to 2% of the foreign-born population from each country as recorded in the 1890 census
• Asian immigrants banned entirely

Question 8

Religious Modernists

Answer 8

• 1920’s
• Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick
• modernists say the bible written by humans and contained valid human perceptions of how God acted
• precise historical and scientific accuracy of scripture did not matter
• the Bible’s ethical and religious teachings true beyond the realm of facts

Question 9

religious fundamentalists

Answer 9

• Aimee Semple McPherson
• feared that modernism was a sign of America’s decline, and that modernism had infected schools
•Central tenets of fundamentalism
o Absolute accuracy and divine inspiration of scripture
o The virgin birth of Christ
o Salvation solely through Christ’s sacrifice
o The bodily resurrection of Christ
o The authenticity of miracles in the bible.

Question 10

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 10

• Populist democrat
• 3 time candidate for president
• member of the Anti-imperialist league
• secretary of war under Woodrow Wilson (fired for opposing WWI)
• appalled that Darwinism used to justify concentrations of wealth
• leads drive to prohibit teaching Darwin’s theory in public schools
• 15 state legislatures pass bills
• Bryan defends statutes as democratic
• “the hand that writes the paycheck rules the schools”
• told the atheists that they could make their own public schools if they weren’t happy.
• Became the head of the prosecution
• Hadn’t practiced law in over 30 years

Question 11

eugenics

Answer 11

• sterilize people that were considered unfit

Question 12

Buck v. Bell

Answer 12

(1927)
• Virginia law passed in 1925 said that inmates in state institutions had to be sterilized before they could be released
• Supreme court upholds law

Question 13

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

Answer 13

• Runs an ad in the Chattanooga times
• May 1925
• Looking for a teacher willing to test the evolution statute in the courts
• “our lawyers think a friendly test can be arranged without costing a teacher his or her job.”
• Formed in response to the palmer raids and red scare

Question 14

George Rappleyea

Answer 14

• Transplanted New Yorker, Ph.d ub chemical engineering
• Managed local coal mine
• Modernist Methodist

Question 15

John T. Scopes

Answer 15

• 24 year old general science instructor and part time football coach
• accepted evolutionary theory, but not an expert
• also had to teach physics, math, and general science
• taught oout of textbook sold in the drug store that included evolution
• son of agnostocs
• claimed to be agnostic

Question 16

Clarence Darrow

Answer 16

• Nations most famous defense attorney
o Agnostic
o Thought the biblical concept of original sin for all and salvation for some through divine grace was a dangerous doctrine
o Wants to embarrass Bryan and fundamentalists

Question 17

H.L. Mencken

Answer 17

(Baltimore Sun)

Question 18

Judge John T. Raulston

Answer 18

Begins the trial with a long prayer

Question 19

voir dire

Answer 19

Jury selection

o Prospective jurors can be exclude by preemptory challenges or give a reason as to why.

Question 20

Gitlow v. New York 1925

Answer 20

o Decided June 1925
o Freedom of speech and the press are among the fundamental personal rights and “liberties” prosecuted by the due process clause if the 14th Amendment
o But limitations. Gitlow, a socialist, found guilty

Question 21

Hunter’s civic biology

Answer 21

(1914)
• Prosecution offers straightforward case
• Only has to show Scopes taught out of Hunter’s Civic biology book and that it has evolution in it

Question 22

Engel v. Vitale

Answer 22

• Warren court
• A mandatory school prayer violated the First Amendments establishment clause (as incorporated against the states through the 14t amendment)
1962

Question 23

Epperson v. Arkansas

Answer 23

(1968)

• Us Supreme rules that a law forbidding the teaching of evolution was unconstitutional

Question 24

Edwards v. Aguillard

Answer 24

• Supreme court struck down the Louisiana law that required balances treatment of both evolution and creationism

Question 25

Kitzmiller v. Dover area school district

Answer 25

(2005)
• Require students to learn about Darwin’s theory of evolution
• Only a theory not certain
• Testable on a state tests.