The Scientific Revolution

Question 1

How did scholars before 1500 decide what was true or false?

Answer 1

They decided by referring to an ancient Greek or Roman author or referred to the Bible.

Question 2

What was the common view of the universe during the medieval period?

Answer 2

• Most scholars believed that the earth was an immovable planet in the center of the universe.
• They believed that the moon, sun, and other planets all moved in a perfect circular path around the Earth.
• They liked this view because they thought the Earth was in the center of the Earth.

Question 3

What happened in the mid 1500s that challenged the old ways of thinking?

Answer 3

• Scholars published works that challenged the ideas of the ancient thinkers and the church
• The Scientific Revolution

Question 4

What fueled the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 4

• The Renaissance
• The Reformation
• The Age of Exploration

Question 5

How did the Renaissance help fuel the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 5

• It made people question accepted beliefs
• It created curiosity around the world around

Question 6

How did the Reformation help fuel the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 6

• What the church said and what people observed/discovered did not always match which lead to people doubting the Christian teachings

Question 7

How did the Age of Exploration help fuel The Scientific Revolution

Answer 7

• It lead to new discoveries, inventions, scientific research, new technology, and possibilities of new truths.

Question 8

What theory did Copernicus come up with and why?

Answer 8

• Copernicus came up with the heliocentric theory which states that the sun was in the center of the universe while the stars, Earths, and other planets revolve around it.
• He came up with this theory after studying the movements of the planets for 25 years.

Question 9

What did Copernicus do to make sure he would not get in trouble for his new ideas?

Answer 9

He waited until his deathbed to publish his book : On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies.

Question 10

How did Kepler’s findings support the Heliocentric theory?

Answer 10

• Certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion
• The planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles.
• He mathematically proved that Copernicus’ theory was true

Question 11

Who is Galileo Galilei and why did he come into conflict with the Catholic church?

Answer 11

• He was an Italian scientist
• He made a telescope and observed.
• Some of his findings went against the Catholic church teachings and church authorities were frightened that people would think that the church could be wrong about other things as well.

Question 12

What are some things that Galileo observed?

Answer 12

• He saw that Jupiter had 4 moons
• The sun had dark spots
• The moon had a rough surface

Question 13

What did Galileo have to do to avoid torture and persecution by the Catholic church?

Answer 13

• He had to kneel down before the Cardinals and read aloud a signed confession where he agreed that the ideas of Copernicus were false.
• He had to live the rest of his life under a house arrest

Question 14

What was it that developed out of the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo?

Answer 14

The Scientific Method was a new approach developed into science.
- It’s a logical method.
- It is a procedure for gathering and testing ideas

Question 15

What common ideas did Bacon and Descartes share? What was their approach to science?

Answer 15

• They believed that scientists needed to reject old assumptions and teachings.
• They said to doubt everything until proven by reason.

Question 16

What did Bacon rely on?

Answer 16

He relied on experiments

Question 17

What did Descartes rely on?

Answer 17

He relied on mathematics or logic

Question 18

How did Newton contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 18

Newton’s discovery was that the same force relied on motion of the planets an all matter on Earth and in space.
- They key idea that linked motion in the heavens with motion on the Earth was the law of Universal gravitation.

Question 19

Newton was the father of what?

Answer 19

Father of modern physics

Question 20

Who invented the first microscope and what was it used for?

Answer 20

• The first microscope was invented by a Dutch maker of eyeglasses.
• His name was Zacharias Janssen in the year of 1590.
• 80 years later, it was used to observe bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings.

Question 21

What did Edward Jenner invent?

Answer 21

Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox.
- He had used cowpox to produce the worlds first vaccination.
[Ancient India already had this in the B.Cs]

Question 22

What wa Robert Boyle challenge?

Answer 22

He challenged Aristotle’s idea that the physical world consisted of 4 elements.
- Instead, Boyle proposed that matter was made up of smaller primary particles that joined together in different ways.

Question 23

How did the Scientific Revolution affect other fields of life?

Answer 23

Philosophers and scholars across Europe began to rethink long-held beliefs about the human condition, most notably the rights and liberties of ordinary citizens.