the scientific method (week 6) Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
A systematic process for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable statement or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.
True or False: A hypothesis must be falsifiable.
True
What are independent variables?
Variables that are manipulated or changed in an experiment to test their effects on dependent variables.
What are dependent variables?
Variables that are measured or observed in an experiment to assess the effect of independent variables.
Fill in the blank: The scientific method typically begins with _______.
Observation
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a standard of comparison for evaluating the effect of the independent variable.
What type of data is numerical and can be measured?
Quantitative data
What type of data is descriptive and categorical?
Qualitative data
True or False: An experiment must have a control group.
False
What is a variable?
Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.
What does it mean to operationalize a variable?
To define it in measurable terms for the purpose of an experiment.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method? A) Formulating a hypothesis B) Analyzing results C) Ignoring data D) Conducting experiments
C) Ignoring data
What is the role of data analysis in the scientific method?
To interpret the data collected and determine if it supports or refutes the hypothesis.
True or False: Peer review is a crucial part of validating scientific findings.
True
What is a null hypothesis?
A statement that there is no effect or no relationship between two variables.
Fill in the blank: The results of an experiment should be _______ for replication by other researchers.
Transparent
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a specific prediction, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
What does it mean to generalize findings?
To apply the results of an experiment to a broader population or situation beyond the specific study.
Multiple Choice: Which is an example of qualitative data? A) Height B) Color C) Temperature D) Weight
B) Color
What is a confounding variable?
An outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable.
True or False: Data collection can only occur through experiments.
False
What is a sample in research?
A subset of a population selected for study.
What is the significance of replicability in scientific research?
It allows for verification of results and increases the credibility of findings.
