The Scalp Flashcards
What is the scalp formed of
Skin
Dense CT
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Periosteum
What is found within the dense CT layer
Arteries
Veins
Cutaneous nerves
What happens if there is haemorrhage within the dense CT layer
A lump will appear due to the blood from the haemorrhage not being able to track very far due to the dense CT layer
This results in the blood pushing up against the skin causing a lump
Why is there profuse bleeding if there is an open wound on the scalp
Walls of blood vessels in the dense CT layer are attached to the CT
This means the blood vessels cannot vasoconstrict as the walls are being pulled by attachments of the CT -> causes profuse bleeding
What does the loose CT layer allow the scalp to do
Loose CT allows movement of the scalp by allowing the other layers to slide over the bones
What happens if there is haemorrhage within the loose CT layer of the scalp and what veins are damaged that cause bleeding in the loose CT
The blood can spread easily within the loose CT layer and spreads as far as bone permits
If blood spreads anteriorly, it can accumulate beneath orbicularis oculi and appears as bruising around the orbit
Bleeding occurs from emissary veins - veins that connect veins of dense CT to intracranial veins
What arteries supply the scalp
Supra-orbital artery from internal carotid
Supratrochlear artery from internal carotid
Superifical temporal arteries from external carotid
Posterior auricular arteries from external carotid
Occipital arteries from external carotid
What is a cephalohaematoma
Subperiosteal haematoma that may occur during labour due to trauma
Haematoma under the skin so does not pose a risk to babies brain
How far will infections spread within the dense CT layer and how far will they spread in the loose CT layer
Infection do not spread far in the dense CT layer
Infections can spread more freely in loose CT layer and can spread intracranially through the emissary veins
