THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION - THE KRONSTADT REVOLT

Question 1

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• WHY DID THE KRONSTADT UPRISING OCCUR…
• By 1920: faced with economic…
• Industrial production….
• Railway system was nearly…
• February 1921: over 118….
• Wanted economic and social change
• = National
• = Willingness to use force….

Answer 1

• By 1920: Russia was faced with Economic turmoil
• Industrial produced: REDUCED to one-fifth
• Railway system was nearly destroyed
• February 1921: over 118 separate peasant UPRISINGS
• The main grievances of the Kronstadt sailors
• The Kronstadts wanted economic and social change however, the government saw this as political weakness.

= National discontent
= Willingness to use force against the elite

Question 2

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• WHAT WAS THE KRONSTADT THREAT…
• Challenged the very legitimacy of the new…
• Political attack…
• Military attack…
• THREAT: highly trained…
• The reddest if the…

Answer 2

• The Kronstadts challenged the very legitimacy of the new regime. Caused an uprising in MARCH 1921 (Came in two forms)
• Political attack on the regime through a CIVIL RIGHTS petition (drafted: March 1 1921)
• Military attack on the new Regime

-THREAT: Highly trained military force and had been the vanguard of support for the Bolsheviks in 1905. They were the reddest of the red.

Question 3

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• THE BACKGROUND INFORMATION
• Core: Declaration of war
• The Kronstadt hoisted the…

Answer 3

• CORE: Declaration of war on the Soviet regime

- The Kronstadts hoisted the Flag of revolt

Question 4

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• THE ACTION
• Lenin sends the red… and the ch….
• Commanded by T…. Kronstadt garrison…

Answer 4

• Lenin sends the RED ARMY and the CHEKA to fight his fierce opposition (The Kronstadts)
• Commanded by Trotsky: ordered the invasion of the Kronstadt garrison on 17th March (Soviet Victory)

Question 5

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• TROTSKY DEFENDS HIS ACTION BY CRITICIZING THE SAILORS
• Accused the sailors of being….
• They were key tools for the….

Answer 5

• Accused the sailors of being unreliable

- They were key tools for the counter-revolutionary movement

Question 6

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• TROTSKY ARGUES THAT DEFEATING THE SAILORS WAS NECESSARY TO DEFEND THE REVOLUTION
• Would have opened they way for ….
• A step, a ladder, a….

Answer 6

• ABBIE BAKAN
• Would have opened the way for the restoration of the Whites
• ‘A step, a ladder, a bridge’ to the victory of counter revolution.

Question 7

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• HISTORIAN PIPES CRITICISES THE GOVERNMENT’S SWIFT FORCE AND TROTSKY’S ROLE
• Counted on rallying the nation…
• Found themselves isolated….
• Not well received….
• Did not enhance….

Answer 7

• “Counted on rallying the nation and the armed forces to their cause”
• “Found themselves isolated, and locked in a military struggle they could not possibly win”
• “Not well received by the population”
• “Did not enhance the reputation of Trotsky”

Question 8

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• EYEWITNESS SERGE DEFENDS THE GOVERNMENT’S FORCE
• Believed crushing of the sailors to be….
• Only a short…
• Anti-….

Answer 8

• Believed the crushing of the sailors to be a political necessity…
• “Only a short step to chaos”
• “Anti-proletarian” dictatorship

Question 9

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• THE ENEMY WITHIN: THE PROLETARIAT
• Even though they were united under…
• Society actively and…
• Kronstadt sailors: significant threat because…

Answer 9

• Even though they were united under the flag of patriotism to defeat the external threats (Civil War)
• Society: actively and openly attacking the new government
• Konstradt sailors: significant threat because they were at the vanguard of support for the Bolsheviks

Question 10

THE KRONSTADT REVOLT:

• THE ENEMY WITHIN: THE LEADERSHIP
• Alexandra Kollontai
• Highlighting the economic…

Answer 10

• Alexandra Kollontai: led a Workers Opposition movement

- Highlighting the economic and political failures of the party