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Geography WJEC > The rural-urban continuum > Flashcards

The rural-urban continuum Flashcards

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1
Q

Define rural

A

Area of countryside characterised by wide open spaces

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2
Q

Define urban

A

A built-up environment where a lot of people live

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3
Q

Define Population density

A

Average number of people per square kilometre. usually expressed as densely or sparsely populated

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4
Q

Define location

A

A particular place or position

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5
Q

Define population

A

Number of people living in an area

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6
Q

Define urban-rural continuum

A

A continuum along which all settlements are placed

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7
Q

Put the urban-rural continuum in order (8)

A
  1. Isolated farmhouse
  2. Hamlet
  3. Remote village
  4. Village
  5. Suburbanised village
  6. Town
  7. City
  8. Mega-city
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8
Q

Define sphere of influence

A

A region within which an urban area provides an important economic and social influence

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9
Q

Name an example of a city’s sphere of influence

A

Liverpool and Glyn Ceiriog

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10
Q

Describe the sphere of influence at Liverpool (7)

A
  1. Large city on north-west coast of England close to the north-eastern border of Wales
  2. Population of 467,250
  3. Sphere of influence over the region includes Glyn Cieriog, a small village of 800 people in north-east Wales
  4. Services in this village include: two shops, pharmacy, GP surgery, hotel, pub, 2 places of worship
  5. Residents will need to go outside the settlement for services
  6. Wrexham offer retail stores but for larger choice Liverpool city centre is the best place to go
  7. Healthcare is restricted so would need to travel to Wrexham
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11
Q

Define counter-urbanisation

A

Movement of people out of towns and cities to rural areas

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12
Q

Name 6 reasons for counter-urbanisation

A
  1. Housing - more affordable in rural areas
  2. Family Status - due to increased income families may look for larger properties in rural locations
  3. Transport - increase in car ownership means people travel more
  4. Employment - increase of industry on the rural-urban fringe improves access from rural locations
  5. Social factors - Low crime rate and good schools
  6. Environmental factors - increased noise and air pollutions lead people to leave
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13
Q

Name 6 impacts of counter-urbanisation on rural settlements

A
  1. Increase in house prices due to high demand
  2. Decrease in traditional village shops due to shopping done in urban areas
  3. Fewer people in the village in the daytime
  4. Increase in numbers of children attending rural schools
  5. Increased amounts of traffic and associated pollution on rural roads
  6. Loss of villager identity
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14
Q

Name 4 factors that lead to increased commuting

A
  1. Cities have more job opportunities
  2. Rural housing cheaper than urban
  3. Improvements in road and rail have cut journey time]
  4. Improvement in car safety and comfort encouraged more long distance travel
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15
Q

Name 3 factors leading to decreased commuting

A
  1. Rapid growth of internet and email removes the need to travel
  2. Increased mobile phone coverage allows people to stay in touch
  3. Rapid growth of broadband lead to many companies encouraging employees to work from home
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16
Q

Name an example of transport issues arising out of counter-urbanisation

A

Cardiff

17
Q

Describe the transport issues arising out of counter-urbanisation in Cardiff (4)

A
  1. Located in South-east Wales
  2. As the capital it attracts many industries (wide sphere of influence)
  3. Pattern of commuting includes: 78,000 people travelling on a weekday, 33,900 travelling out on weekday, M4 motorway have been improved
  4. Issues: Main routes into Cardiff become congested, increased air and noise pollution, road congestion dangerous for cyclists and trains are packed with commuters
18
Q

Define primary jobs

A

Jobs that involve getting raw materials from the environment

19
Q

Define tertiary jobs

A

Jobs that provide a service

20
Q

Define commuter belt

A

Area around a town or city where people travel to work in the urban area

21
Q

Define Depopulation

A

Reduction in the population of an area

22
Q

Define Deprivation

A

Lack of key features that are regarded as necessary for a reasonable standard of living

23
Q

Define cycle of deprivation

A

Cycle where a family in poverty is unable to improve its lifestyle due to negative factors of low income, poor housing and education which keeps it in a state of poverty

24
Q

Define sustainable community

A

Community which is able to support the needs of all its residence with minimal environmental impacts

25
Q

Name 6 changes in rural areas caused by change in technology

A
  1. Reduction in primary jobs and increase in tertiary jobs
  2. Closing of rural banks due to online banking
  3. Increase in house prices within the commuter belt
  4. Locals unable to afford homes
  5. Closer of village shops due to online shopping
  6. Reduction or removal of bus services
26
Q

Name 7 strategies to create a sustainable rural community

A
  1. Reliability of frequent transport - ensuring public transport is available
  2. Availability of jobs - secure investments from companies
  3. Internet Connections - fast reliable broadband
  4. Education - ensure village schools remain open
  5. Healthcare - available and provision of transport if needed
  6. Village services - encourage shops and pubs to stay open
  7. Green technologies - promote the use of renewable energy

Geography WJEC (6 decks)

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