Population and urban change in the UK Flashcards
Define natural population change
The change in population from births and deaths only
Define migration
Movement of people from one place to another
Define social factors
Factors that relate to people’s health, lifestyle and community
Define infant mortality rate
Number of deaths of children under one year of age occurring per 1000 live births in an area per year
Define ageing population
Country which has a high proportion of people aged over 65
Define birth rate
The number of babies born in an area per 1000 of population
Define economic factors
Factors that relate to cost and finance
Define political factors
Factors that relate to decisions made by government, either national or local
Define death rate
Number of people dying in an area per 1000 of population
Name 4 social factors affecting population change
- Healthcare - NHS access the care people need leading to low infant mortality rate
- Marriage - people marrying later in the UK which affects when they start a family
- Culture - widely acceptable for women to delay having children until their 30s
- Ageing Population - greater proportion being past their child-bearing age leading to a lower birth rate
Name 3 economic factors affecting population change
- Cost of raising a family - increased in the UK may discourage starting families
- Maternity pay - longer period of pay may lead to more births
- Career - women continue with careers ad increase incomes rather than start families
Name 4 political factors affecting population change
- Contraception - widely available meaning unwanted pregnancies are restricted
- Maternity rights - changes may encourage people to have children
- Migration - 2015, 333,000 more people moved to the UK and moved out
- Vaccination programmes - reduces death rate
Name 6 reasons for people moving into the UK
- Availability of jobs
- Stable political system
- Good health service
- Better rates of pay so higher income
- Good education system
- Already established network of family or people similar ethnic or cultural origin
Name 5 reasons for people moving within the UK
- Cost of housing
- Change of lifestyle
- In search of work
- Need to live close to your place of work is increasingly becoming less important
- Locate near family for care needs
Name 6 impacts of people moving into and within the UK
- Increase in young adults who work and pay taxes
- Increase in birth rates due to migrants having children
- Increase in number of languages that are spoken in the UK
- Strain on schools due to non-English speaking students
- House prices in desirable areas increase
- Diversity of culture means UK has greater range of foods, restaurants and so on
Name 3 economic challenges of an aging UK population
- Reduced number of economically active people in the UK to pay taxes
- More money needed to pay for state pensions
- More people are dependant on the state