The Roots Of Democracy Flashcards
Enlightenment contributes to democracy
- social contract
- natural rights
- separation of powers
Rome contributed to democracy
- representative democracy
- republic
(R)ome (R)epresentative (R)epublic
Greece contributes to democracy
- 1st democracy
- direct democracy
Judeo-Christian(FAITH) contributes to democracy
- individual worth
- equality of all
- community concern(what is best for others)
United States contributes to democracy
- u.s. Constitution
- bill of rights
England contributes to democracy
- common law(customs and principles established overtime)
- bill of rights
- due process
- Magna Carta
France contributes to democracy
- declaration of rights of man and the citizen
Democracy
- rule of law
- code of law
- value of individuals
- consent of the governed
- citizen participation
Enlightenment despots
Monarch has taken on some of the ideas do enlightenment
Divine rights
Idea that the power given to the king came from god
Robert Boyle
Father of chemistry
Hobbes
Social contract for an Absolute monarch
Rousseau
- Constitutional monarch
- individual power
- social contract among free individuals that can be broken
John Locke
- Direct democracy
- all people have natural rights = life, liberty, and property
Capurnicous
scientific revolution
Invented the heliocentric theory, the stars, the earth, and other planets revolved around the sun
Helio = sun - centered
Francis Bacon
scientific revolution
Experimental method, experiment then draw conclusions
- empiricism
Rene Descartes
scientific revolution
- Developed analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry
- doubt everything till proven
Issac Newton
scientific revolution
Laws of motion
Galileo Galilei
scientific revolution
His observations helped support Copurnicous’ theory with the help of the telescope
Philosophes
- Enlightenment thinkers
- goal was progress for society
- social critics in France around the mid 1700
Voltaire
- Freedom of thought, expression, and religion
- free speech in parliament = Bill of rights
Montesquieu
- separation of power
- checks and balances
- federal, state, and local levels of government
Beccaria
Abolishment of torture, no cruel of unusual punishment
^^ in Bill of rights
Mary Wollstonecraft
Women’s equality
Baroque style
- grand, ornate design
- really fancy
Neoclassical style
- time of “classical music”
- simple, elegant
- returns to Greeks and Romans
American revolution
Event #1
to help pay for the costly French and Indian war, Britain parliament passes the stamp act. Colonist protest “taxation without representation is tyranny”
Event #2
colonist boycott taxed good including tea, Britain close Boston harbor, Boston tea party
Event #3
2nd continental congress, where they sign the Declaration of Independence
Event #4
war breaks out, France joins enters war for USA in 1778, they surround British from sea and American colonist surround Britain by land… British has to surrender
Declaration of Independence reflects enlightenment ideas
- social contract that can be broken (Rousseau)
- natural rights… Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness(Locke)
US Constitution reflects enlightenment ideas
- natural rights(Locke)
- free speech and expression(Voltaire)
Catherine the Great
- famous ruler of Russia
- enlightenment despot
- helped reform Russia
- formed commissions to help change laws
- expanded Russia
Hobbes and Catherine the Great similarities
- agreed on crushing the peasant rebellion
- strong, absolute monarch
Glorious Revolution
William and Mary invited to take throne if they signed the Bill of Rights
^^ constitutional monarch
Bill of rights
- limited royal power
- protects free speech
- right to petition the king
- cruel and unusual punishment abolished
Restoration
Monarchy “restored” to the throne after failed attempt of democracy
Magna Carta
- 1st document that limits royal power
- King John forced to sign after he tried to tax after the war with the French
Petition of Right
- Charles 1 needed taxes
- forced to sign
- no taxing without consent of the parliament
- no imprisoning citizens illegally
- can’t be forced to house troops
- cannot raise an army in a time of peace without parliament’s consent
Which country affected the American Revolution the most?
England
- Magna Carta
- Bill of Rights
- Common law
Denis Diderot
- collection of books that scholars contributed essays to make the encyclomedia
- helped spread enlightenment ideas
Scientific Revolution influences American revolution
- questioning assumptions lead to…
- challenging ideas about government structure
Enlightenment promotes…
- progress
- faith in science
- more secular outlook
Salons
In large drawing rooms these hostesses held regular gatherings to discuss enlightenment ideas
Renaissance and Reformation contribute to democracy
- a time of questioning
- importance of individualism
- printing press was invented
- interpret bible and laws for themselves
