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Music History Out of School > The Romantic Generation: Song and Piano Music > Flashcards

The Romantic Generation: Song and Piano Music Flashcards

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1
Q

Historical Background

A
  • Napoleon’s wars spread ideas of liberty, equality, and nationalism
  • composers should write music for their national identity
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2
Q

Professional Musician Job Changes

A
  • aristocracy lost a lot of money from wars and no longer supported the arts
  • musicians were freelancers performing, teaching, composing on commission, or publishing music
  • virtuosos, who were specialized in one instrument, developed
  • music journals developed
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3
Q

Music in the Middle Class

A
  • with the Industrial Revolution came more leisure time
  • women of middle and upper classes stayed at home to keep house and play music
  • factories created amateur bands to keep workers from getting into trouble
  • the piano became cheaper and was used in many households
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4
Q

Romanticism

A

-focus on melody, emotion, novelty, and individuality

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5
Q

Role of Music

A

-artists treated music as autonomous, free from the idea that music has to serve a specific social roll or text

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6
Q

Program Music

A

-recounts a narrative or sequence of events that has accompanying text called a program

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7
Q

Character Piece

A

depicts or suggests a mood, personality, or scene, indicated in the title

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8
Q

Absolute Music

A
  • an idealized play of sound and form

- this is the only new type of music in this period

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9
Q

Lied

A
  • the perfect Romantic genre

- centered on expression of individual feelings, musical imagery and folk style

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10
Q

The Lyric

A
  • chief poetic genre

- short strophic poem on one subject expressing a personal feeling or viewpoint

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11
Q

The Ballad

A
  • created by German poets
  • imitation of folk ballads of England and Scotland
  • alternate narrative and dialogue and dealt with romantic adventures or supernatural incidents
  • longer than lied and lyric
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12
Q

Franz Schubert

A
  • famous for lieder (600)
  • set 59 Goethe poems
  • really good at adding emotion and mood to music
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13
Q

Modified Strophic Form

A
  • music repeats for some strophes but others vary or use new music (Der Lindenbaum, The Linden Tree from Winterreise)
  • Schubert would use this if the text asks for change from the normal strophic form
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14
Q

Der Lindenbaum from Winterreise

A
  • Schubert’s setting of Muller’s cycle of 24 poems express the nostalgia of a lover revisiting in winter the haunts of a failed summer romance
  • modified strophic form; major, minor; new melody; major and original melody
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15
Q

Robert and Clara Schumann

A
  • Schubert’s successor
  • wrote 120 songs in 1840, mostly about love for life and Clara
  • used the piano as it’s own part rather than accompaniment
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16
Q

Im wunderschonen Monat Mai

A
  • Schumann’s piece
  • In the Marvelous Month of May
  • newborn love in springtime
17
Q

America and Great Britian Songs

A
  • parlor songs in America
  • ballads in Great Britian
  • expression mostly in voice
18
Q

Home! Sweet Home! 1823

A
  • Henry R. Bishop
  • from the opera Clari
  • simple, diatonic, stepwise, but also tuneful and charming
19
Q

Stephen Foster 1826-1864

A
  • Oh! Susanna
  • first american to live as a composer
  • Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is a mixture of styles with four-beat phrases
20
Q

Music for Piano

A
  • the second most popular music to songs with voice

- written for teaching, amateur enjoyment, and public performance

21
Q

Schubert’s Piano Pieces

A
  • 11 piano sonatas
  • Wanderer Fantasy (1822)
  • first to use a complete circle of major thirds around an octave in Der Wanderer
22
Q

Felix Mendelssohn 1809-1847

A
  • leading German Romantic composer
  • blended Classical influences into Romantic style
  • preferred the older style of virtuosity, saying that it had more substance than the present day
23
Q

Lieder ohne Worte (Songs without Words)

A
  • Felix Mendelssohn’s famous work
  • 48 short pieces in 8 books
  • basically lied for piano
  • music can express feelings that words cannot
24
Q

Clara Schumann and Fanny Hensel

A
  • Clara was very public about her talent; she was a better pianist than Robert
  • Fanny was as great as her brother Felix, but she kept performances more private in salons; she wrote Das Jar (The Year), a series of character pieces based on the 12 months; she was rediscovered in the past 30 years
25
Q

Robert Schumann

A
  • mainly wrote piano character pieces
  • Carnaval, Papillons, Kinderscenen, etc.
  • Carnaval is the one with Florestan, Eusebius, and Coquette
26
Q

Fryderyk Chopin 1810-1849

A
  • composed pretty much only for piano
  • he wrote etudes, and his were among the first with artistic content that were played in concert, creating the concert etude
  • he wrote dance pieces like waltzes (style of Vienna), mazurkas and polonaises (style of Poland)
27
Q

Polonaise

A
  • Chopin wrote a lot of them

- courtly dance in 3/4 marked by eighth and 2 sixteenths at the first beat

28
Q

Mazurka

A
  • Polish folk dance that had become an urban ballroom dance in Chopin’s time
  • 3/4 meter with accents on the second or third beat
  • four measure phrases
  • dotted rhythms on the first beat
29
Q

Nocturne

A
  • short mood piece with embellished melodies above sonorous accompaniments
  • John Field invented the genre
30
Q

Chopin’s Ballades and Scherzos

A
  • he was the first to use the name ballade for an instrumental piece
  • his scherzos are not joking or playful
31
Q

Franz Liszt 1811-1886

A
  • prodigy kid, and was given a turnt piano
  • he came up with the term recital because he was the first pianist to play in large halls
  • he played music from all periods, and he performed them memorized
  • transcribed older symphonies and operas for piano
32
Q

Who Influenced Liszt a Lot?

A

Nicolo Paganini

33
Q

Louis Moreau Gottschalk 1829-1869

A
  • first American composer to have international reputation

- adds western sounds to European style pieces

Music History Out of School (4 decks)

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