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Music History Out of School > Romantic Opera and Musical Theater to Midcentury > Flashcards

Romantic Opera and Musical Theater to Midcentury Flashcards

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1
Q

The Roles of Opera

A
  • opera excerpts became a part of popular and elite culture

- individual numbers were scored for amateur pianists

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2
Q

Italian, French, and German Opera Differences

A
  • focus on beautiful singing

- French and German had the orchestra playing a role in conveying emotions

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3
Q

Composer/Singer Hierarchy

A
  • at first, composers were barely mentioned because their work was edited so much and singers sold tickets
  • then, composers gradually became the most prominent part of opera
  • the staple repertory was: Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Meyerbeer, and Weber
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4
Q

Exoticism

A
  • the evocation of a foreign land or culture

- rose with nationalism

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5
Q

Gioachino Rossini 1792-1868

A
  • The Italian Woman in Algiers
  • The Barber of Seville
  • William Tell
  • blended opera buffa and seria, more true to human character
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6
Q

Bel canto

A
  • most important element of Rossini’s operas is the voice
  • effortless, beautiful
  • before bel canto, Italian singing was dramatic and heavy
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7
Q

Rossini crescendo

A

-repetition of the same phrase getting louder

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8
Q

Two Sections of a Romantic Aria

A
  • cantabile: lyrical

- cabaletta: lively and brilliant

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9
Q

Form of a Romantic Aria as deemed by Rossini

A

-orchestra introduction, recitative, cantabile, tempo di mezzo, cabaletta

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10
Q

Vincenzo Bellini 1801-1835

A

-younger contemporary of Rossini

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11
Q

Gaetano Donizetti 1797-1848

A
  • oratorios, cantatas, chamber, church music, symphonies, operas
  • Anna Bolena, The Elixir of Love, Don Pasquale
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12
Q

Lucia di Lammermoor

A
  • Donizetti
  • Lucia is tricked into thinking her lover is unfaithful; marries someone else; murders him the first night; goes crazy after hearing voices
  • the final crazy scene creates an unbroken flow of events through tempo changes and numerous entrances
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13
Q

Reminiscence Motive

A

-especially in Lucia di Lammermoor, it’s a call to an earlier theme

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14
Q

Opera Theaters in France

A
  • Napoleon allowed three
  • The Opera: tragedy
  • The Opera-Comique: spoken dialogue, but serious plots
  • The Theatre Italien: Italian operas
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15
Q

Grand Opera

A
  • appealed to new middle class, and was a spectacle alongside musical
  • Rossini’s Guillaume Tell with an onstage lake
  • La muette de Portici by Auber with an eruption of Vesuvius (this was about a rebellion, and it sparked Belgium’s independence)
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16
Q

Eugene Scribe

A
  • librettist for grand opera
  • cowrote La muette de Portici
  • Robert the Devil, Les Huguenots
17
Q

Giacomo Meyerbeer

A
  • Robert le diable (Robert the Devil)
  • Les Huguenots
  • German/Jewish born Jakob, but Italianized his name
18
Q

Les Huguenots

A
  • typical French grand opera
  • five acts, enormous cast, ballet, dramatic scening and lighting
  • events leading to St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572
19
Q

Marie Taglioni 1804-1884

A
  • created Romantic ballet in France
  • dance troupes present independent ballets rather than small parts of opera
  • pointe shoes
20
Q

Carl Maria von Weber

A
  • Der Freischutz (The Magic Rifleman) put ordinary people center stage, talking and singing about their concerns, loves, and fears
  • it wasn’t intended to be nationalistic, but ended up being that way
21
Q

German Romantic Opera

A
  • mortal characters are agents of superhuman forces
  • use of folklike melodies
  • chromatic harmony and orchestral importance
22
Q

melodrama

A

-musical theater that combines spoken dialogue with background music

23
Q

Mikhail Glinka 1804-1857

A
  • first Russian composer recognized as a equal of his Western contemporaries
  • A Life for the Tsar: modal scales, quotation of folk songs, and a mix of Western traditions
  • Ruslan and Lyudmilla: based on a poem by Aleksander Pushkin, chromaticism, dissonance and whole-tone scale to represent supernatural
24
Q

minstrelsy

A
  • white performers blackened their faces and impersonated African Americans in jokes
  • explored issues of social and political power and proper and improper behavior

Music History Out of School (4 decks)

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