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Latin > THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN: Roman Army > Flashcards

THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN: Roman Army Flashcards

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1
Q

PSB Source: Camp Layout - Roman Fort

A

Principia in centre
Barracks on either end
Main gate at front
Turrets/corner towers on border
Ditch around it

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2
Q

What were the barrack for in a Roman Fort?

A

Each contains 2 rooms
1 for socialising
1 for sleeping

Accomodates 8 men

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3
Q

Adaptations of Roman Fort booklet source

A

Good discipline
Skiled
Self sufficient - everything they needed was inside the fort

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4
Q

Limitations of Roman Fort booklet source

A

Only 1 version of a fort

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5
Q

What features of a Roman fort were for protection?

A

Ditch
Turret
Corner Tower

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6
Q

Adaptations of Booklet source of barrack block at Northumberland

A

Well built -> made of stone
Orderly

Northumberland is windy (the Roman army were from Rome so would feel cold)

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7
Q

Limitations of Booklet source of barrack block at Northumberland

A

Only one photo
Picture is partial

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8
Q

PSB Source: Vegetius, extract from Epitoma

A

Training was intense
Like practicing with a shield double the weight of a normal one

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9
Q

PSB Source: Incscription in Chester

A

Training was dangerous
People could die when travelling between places (e.g. shipwreck), not just in war

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10
Q

What are ‘coloniae’

A

Roman towns initially set up for residence of ex - Roman legionaries

When Roman legionaries had worked for 25 years in the army, they could retire and were given land -> they ran out space in Italy so would give them in Britain

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11
Q

What are ‘municipa’

A

Highly ranked towns contain British and Roman people (with Latin citizenship)

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12
Q

What is a ‘civitas’

A

government centres where tax was collected

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13
Q

What were ‘legionary fortresses’?

A

Fortresses where the army stayed during war

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14
Q

What does Map of Roman Britain in source booklet show?

A

Good road network
South = more countryside
North = where wars + trade occurred

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15
Q

Limitations of Map of Roman Britain in source booklet?

A

Possible that some Roman roads are not marked, not found

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16
Q

Main Roman Roads in Britain

A

Ermine Street
Watling Street
Fosse Way

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17
Q

What were soldiers in legions called?

A

Legionary

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18
Q

Legionary

A

Had to be Romans
Had to serve for 25 years

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19
Q

Conditions for legionaries during their service?

A

Cannot get married
Can have affairs

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20
Q

Number of people in a Roman legion?

A

5000 soldiers

21
Q

What were legionaries capable of doing?

A

Building forts, camps, and roads

22
Q

What did a Roman legionaries staff include?

A

Engineers
Architects
Carpenters
Doctors

23
Q

Recruitment of legionary

A

Interviewed to check if he was a Roman citizen
Given a medical examination

24
Q

Source from Vegetius of how a Roman soldier should be

A

A young soldier should be broad -chested with powerful shoulders. […] All those who do the kind of jobs that women normally do should be kept away from the army. On the other hand, smiths, carpenters and hunters of deer and wild boar are the most suitable kind of recruit. […] You must choose men who are outstanding not only in body but also in mind.

25
Q

Source from Vegetius about Roman Army training

A

They are taught not to cut with their swords but to thrust

26
Q

What was a pilum

A

A roman javelin

27
Q

What did Roman soldiers carry?

A

Rations of food
Equipment to make an overnight camp

28
Q

What did the Roman Army spend the most time doing?

A

Building roads

29
Q

Pay of a Roman Legionary

A

Same pay during wartime and not.
Legionaries paid for their own equipment + food

30
Q

How many people were in a century?

A

160

31
Q

How many centuries in a cohort?

A

5

32
Q

What was each century commanded by?

A

A centurion, assisted by an optio

33
Q

Who were centurions?

A

Has long experiences in the army.
Responsible for the training + discipline of their century

34
Q

What each cohort have?

A

Signifer (standard-bearer)
Tesserarius - organised guards

35
Q

Who were auxillaries?

A

Non - Roman citizens
Granted Roman citizenship after their service

36
Q

Senior officer in the army

A

legatus

37
Q

Who was the legatus

A

Officer commanding a roman legion. Member of the senate of Rome.
Did not have experience as a legionary, so guided by centurions.

38
Q

Parts of a Legionary Fortress

A

Principia
Praetorium
Valetudinarium
Horrea
Via praetoria
Via principalis
Basillica
Sacellum
Aquila
Amphitheatre
Barracks (containing 2 contubernium)
Bath House

39
Q

Headquarters of a Roman Fortress

A

Principia

40
Q

Living quarters of commanding officer

A

Praetorium

41
Q

Hospital

A

Valetudinarium

42
Q

Street from main gate to principia’s main entrance

A

Via praetoria

43
Q

Street from width from fort, passes principia

A

Via principalis

44
Q

Where the commander works with his officers

A

Basillica

45
Q

Chapel

A

Sacellum

46
Q

Flag with eagle

A

Aquila, carried by aquilifer (eagle-bearer)

47
Q

Where was the amphitheatre?

A

Outside
Used for training, ceremonial parades, occasional gladiatorial shows

48
Q

What was the bath house used for?

A

Social centre for soldiers

49
Q

How many cohorts in a legion?

A

10

Latin (10 decks)

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