Latin Syntax - Grammar constructions Flashcards
Standard uses of cases: Nominative
Person doing the action
Standard uses of cases: Accusative
To speak directly to someone
Standard uses of cases: Genitive
‘of’
expresses possession
Standard uses of cases: Dative
‘to’ or ‘for’
Standard uses of cases: Ablative
‘by’
‘with’
‘from’
‘in’
‘on’
‘at’
Expressions of time: Time ‘how long’
Accusative
Expressions of time: Time ‘when’ or ‘within’
Ablative
What are prepositions
Placed before a noun
To express movement or position in relation to it
Ways in which prepositions are used
Preposition + accusative noun = Motion towards
Preposition + ablative noun = position of rest/motion away
Direct Commands definition
Telling someone to do something
Direct commands: construction
Stem + imperative
Formation of imperatives
1st: sing = -a, pl = ate
2nd: sing = -e, pl = ete
3rd: sing = -e, pl = ite
4th: sing = -i, pl = ite
Negative direct commands: construction
sing = noli
pl = nolite
+ infinitive
Irregular imperatives
duc = say
dic = speak
fer = carry
fac = do
Direct Questions definition
Quotes the actual words of the speaker
Has question marks
Ways to introduce a question
Add -ne at the end of the first word
Use question word at the start
Question words
Cur = why?
quam = how?
quo modo = in what way?
ubi = where?
quo = where to?
unde = from where?
quis, quid = who? which? what?
quantus-a-um = how big?
quot = how many?
qualis-e = what sort of?
Participles definition
Describe a noun but are verbs
Verbal adjectives
Types of Participles
Present Active Participle
Perfect Passive Participle
Perfect Active Participle
Future Active Participle
Present Active Participle: Endings
-ans, -ens, -iens
-ant-, -ent-, -ient-
3rd dec
Perfect Passive Participle + Perfect Active Participle: Endings
-us, -a, -um
1st dec F, 2nd dec M + N
Future Active Participles: Formation
PPP stem + ‘ur’ + PPP ending
e.g. portatus -> portaturus
Gerundives: formation
Verb stem + ‘ndus’