The Roman Kings Flashcards
Rumulus political changes
Political:
- Asylum (Dyonisis talks about refugees sheltering, Livy talks about criminals and outcasts)
- The Senate (Patriarchs advised the Kings, adopting etruscan customs with Lictors - Romulus might have been murdered by them)
- Representation (farfetched claim that he set up a complex system of political representation - he was meant to have formed this 200 years before the Greek representation)
Romulus social/religious changes
- Built and temple to Jupiter
- Draws influences from other cultures
Romulus military changes
- The military tribune organised the call to arms
- The Celeres, Romulus most loyal soldiers (his bodyguards in battle)
Numa political changes
- Ends religious conflict
Numa social/religious changes
- Increased importance of religion in society
- Temples build (including one to Janus)
- More priesthood, including priests to Mars, Romulus and more
- Pontiff introduced (someone chosen from the Senate to look after the religious practices in Rome)
- Introduced Vestal Virgins into Rome
- Established more crafts like more blacksmiths, musicians and others
Numa Military changes
- Peace (he built a temple to Janus which signifys peace)
Tullius Hostilius political changes
- The right to appeal (The last Roman triple murders his sister, who was betroved to one of the Alban triples. This case is judged and he is found guilty but the people disagreed and so the case was appealed)
- He gave land to the homeless, expanded Rome and built new farms.
Tullius Hostilius social/religions changes
None
Tullius Hostilius military changes
- Conquered surrounded tribes
- Destroys Alba Longa (The Alban triple shows his strategy as a leader - he agreed with the new leader of Alba that it was not in either cities best interest to declare war and so they agreed to a battle of triples - Rome loses the first two men but the third isolates each of the others and kills them. Alba longer then betrays Rome and sides with the Etruscans, Tullus realises this and inspires his troops to victory)
Ancus Marcius political changes
- Gave common people more access to politics and foreign affairs (envoys were sent to the tribes and if the majority of tribes agreed then war would be declared)
Ancus Marcius military changes
- Increased the borders of Rome to other to other hills
- Destroyed cities around Rome to keep her safe (e.g. Politorium)
- Destroyed the Latin threat in the battle of Medullia
Ancus Marcius social/religious changes
- Published Numa’s laws on Oak boards
Tarquinius Priscus political changes
- Added 100 “Kings men” to the Senate (lesser men/ warriors)
Tarquinius Priscus social/religious changes
- Built/started the Circus Maximus
- Increased the number of festivals
- Forums extended
- the Cloaca Maximus began construction (open air sewer)
- Number of Vestal Vergins increased + harsher punishments
Tarquinius Priscus military changes
- Defeated Sabine army (when they crossed the river priscus wanted to add new centuries and name them after himself, some of the patrician families disagreed/gods - he won anyway but didn’t get the centuries)
- Punished the Veii
- lots of victories against minor cities
- Added 1200 horsemen to the army
- Both Livy and Dionysius agreed he was a good military comander
Servius Tullius political changes
- New voting system (the rich voted first and the desicion was often decided before the Plebians got to vote)
- Census (A scheme to work out who needed to give what to the military - They were divided into five classes according to their wealth
Servius Tullius social/religious changes
- New tribal system (where the citizens lived in Rome, helps with census)
- Temple of Diana (Rome and Latin cities)
- Extended Rome
Servius Hostillius military changes
- Added lots of new people to a reformed army
Why and when was the myth of Aeneas started?
During the Punic wars (Rome vs Carthage) as they needed a reason for Rome to hate Carthage.
[Aeneas broke Didos heart and Dido committed suicide]
What is the story of Romulus?
- King Numitor of Alba Longa was removed from power by this brother Amulius
- Numitors son is murdered but his daughter is forced to become a vestal vergin
- She, however, gets pregnant by the god mars
- They are ordered to be killed in the river
- They survive and looked after by a she wolf
- Faustulus saves them (shepherd)
- The boys do some Robin Hood stuff. Robbers get mad.
- Romulus fought his way free but remus is taken to the king
- Romulus raises army to get brother back and puts his grandad back on the throne
How did Romulus and Remus choose who got to make the city?
Either they counted birds (Remus dies), or the twins mocked eachother and Remus steps into Romulus city and Romulus kills him for it.
What was the difference in Dionysius’ opinion and Livy’s opinion of Lucumo (Lucious tarquinius priscus)?
- Dionysius said that it was Priscus’ charitable nature that lead to him becoming king
- Livy disagrees and says it was just his ambition. This meant at the time political corruption - he gave largesse (gifts/bribes) and removing Ancus Marcus’s children (these children are then meant to assassinate Priscus)
What was the omen for the succession of Lucumo?
Lucius tarquinius priscus (Lucumos chosen Roman name) was outside the gates of Rome when and eagle flew down and snatched his hat, circled around and then placed it back on his head. His wife Tanaquil had experience interpreting omens.
Who was the first kind since Romulus to not be chosen by the people’s amd marks the decline in the Roman Kings?
Servius Tullius (became king because Tanaquil - mother and wife ot Priscus - claimed Priscus (who was dead at the time) was ill and wanted Sevius Tullius to take his place)
