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Latin Background > The Roman Gods > Flashcards

The Roman Gods Flashcards

1
Q

Olympians

A

12

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2
Q

Where did they live

A

Mount Olympus

North Greece

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3
Q

Gods were

A

Immortal

Ageless

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4
Q

Jupiter

A
  • Fatherly figure-> patriarchal head
  • Healthy middle age
  • ‘Father of the gods and king of men’
  • Iov pater -> Etruscan
  • Jove
  • sky and weather god, travellers
  • thunderbolt, sceptre (politics), throne
  • Zeus
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5
Q

Apollo

A
  • Ever in youthful manhood- beautiful, short curly hair
  • god of music, the arts, education, health and disease, prophecy, archery and the sun
  • carried a lyre and a quiver full of arrows
  • Phoebus (epithet- shining)
  • ludi Apollinares -> 8/9 days in the middle of July
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6
Q

Jupiter and Juno

A

Siblings

Married

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7
Q

epithet

A

An adjective to describe the specific section of life looked after

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8
Q

Jupiter Pluvius

A

Rain giver

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9
Q

Jupiter Optimus Maximus

A

The Best and Greatest - sovereign power

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10
Q

Jupiter Lapis

A

God of oaths

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11
Q

Regina

A

Juno - queen of the gods

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12
Q

Lucina

A

Juno - goddess of childbirth

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13
Q

Moneta

A

Juno the advisor - protector of the roman mint

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14
Q

Pronuba

A

Juno - patron of marriage

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15
Q

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

A

At the start of every year, the new consuls went there to perform a sacrifice

The senate always held the first meeting of the year there

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16
Q

The Capitoline Triad

A

Jupiter, Juno, Minerva

17
Q

Neptune

A
  • based on Etruscan sea god Nethuns
  • Poseidon
  • brother of Jupiter
  • god of the sea, god of earthquakes
  • trident, dolphin
  • closely associated with horses & bulls (races)
18
Q

Vulcan

A
  • Hephaestus
  • god of fire and metal-working, artisans
  • turn rock into bronze weapons or fine jewellery
  • Romans relied production of iron
  • lived under Mt Etna
  • married to Venus
  • Vulcanalia -> 23rd August
  • anvil and hammer
19
Q

Mars

A
  • father of Romulus
  • all descendants
  • second only in importance to Jove
  • god of agriculture (Maris)- responsible for the defence and protection of Catt me, field and farmers
  • Ares- war
  • Campus Martius -> training ground for soldiers
  • armour
20
Q

Mercury

A
  • Hermes
  • winged sandals, winged helmet
  • carried caduceus (herald’s staff entwined with 2 snakes)
  • god of travellers, god of traders and commercial profits
  • escorted the souls of the dead down to the Underworld
21
Q

Juno

A
  • oversaw both marriage and childbirth
  • 1st March- Matronalia
  • peacock
22
Q

Ceres

A
  • goddess of the crops and harvest
  • 496BC- Demeter adopted from Sibylline books to drive away famine. Temple of Acentine Hill
  • Cerealia - between 12th and 19th of April (associated with plebeian classes)
  • flower, fruit and grain
23
Q

Venus

A
  • fertility and procreation, love and beauty
  • Aphrodite
  • mother of Aeneas
  • Mother of Cupid by mars
  • sea shell
24
Q

Minerva

A
  • Menvra (goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools and commerce)
  • Athena
  • born from the head of Jupiter
  • goddess of wisdom, goddess of war, weaving and handicrafts, school and children
  • owl, aegis (goatskin shield imprinted with the image of a gorgon’s head)
  • important to artisans and women working in the household
25
Q

Diana

A
  • hunting, the moon (Phoebe)
  • Artemis
  • twin brother Apollo
  • hunting dress, deer, quiver of arrows
  • worshipped BT poor and spaces
26
Q

Vesta

A
  • goddess of the hearth
  • protector of the state
  • Vestalia - between 7th and 15th June
  • originally one of the 12 Olympians, gave up her space for Bacchus in order to tend the sacred fire on Mt Olympus
27
Q

Dionysus

A
  • god of wine and theatre, revelry
  • Bacchus
  • Liber (early roman god of fertility, wine and growth)
  • Bacchanalia -> mystery cult
  • thyrsus, vines, ivy, animal skins
28
Q

Janus

A
  • specifically Roman
  • god of gates and doorways, beginnings and endings
  • protector of a house
  • two heads looking in opposite directions
  • January
29
Q

Pluto

A
  • ruler of the Underworld, god of the dead
  • Dis Pater
  • pomegranate
30
Q

Emperors could be deified

A

After their death

Genius (guardian spirit) could be worshipped while living

31
Q

First emperor to be deified

A

Julius Caesar - 42BCE

divus Iulius

32
Q

Augustales

A

college (21) of priests who served the cult of the emperor

Normal drawn from the ranks of freedmen (barred from holding any other political or religious posts)

Latin Background (25 decks)

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