Origins and Development of Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

Early gods were associated with

A

Farming and warfare

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2
Q

colo

A

stem: cult

‘I till the land’/ ‘I worship’

Farming was in itself an act of worship and prayer for blessings

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3
Q

paganus

A

Villager/countryman

Pagan religion had its origins in the worship of country folk

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4
Q

World view

A

Polytheistic

Saw gods in every part of nature

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5
Q

Who to pray to for what?

A
Ceres: a good harvest 
Jupiter: rain 
Mars: help in war 
Neptune: safe sea voyage 
Apollo: success in a musical contest
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6
Q

Describe gods

A

Anthropomorphic

Had faults and imperfections of human beings

Could be cruel or kind, helpful or vindictive, had human favourites

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7
Q

Influenced by?

A

Etruscans

Greeks

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8
Q

Etruscan influence

A

Adoption of some gods and practises: Jupiter, Mars, Minerva

First Roman temples built in style of Etruscan temples

Divination - predicting the fire
Especially haruspicy

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9
Q

Greek influence

A

Lots of contact - some Greeks lived in Magna Graecia in southern Italy and Sicily

Jupiter = Zeus 
Mars = Ares 
Ceres = Demeter
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10
Q

The Sibylline Books

A

Sibyl (at Cumae) - a woman with special powers of prophecy

Came to roman king Tarquinius Superbus the Proud and offered him 9 prophetic books. He scoffed and she burned 6 books until he paid the original asking price for 3

Placed in vault beneath the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill

Written in Greek hexameter verse, offered guidance about religion actions needed to diver or overcome a disaster; frequently recommended the introduction of a Greek deity or cult into Roman world

Special group of priests responsible for interpreting the books, aided by 2 Greek translators

Consulted throughout Roman history

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