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latin cult > the roman army > Flashcards

the roman army Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

what are camps

A

temporary bases

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2
Q

what is a fort

A

a small permanent base

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3
Q

what is a fortress

A

a much larger place where romans would excercise control

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4
Q

how many men are in a legion

A

6000-6600 men

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5
Q

where are legions based?

A

in fortress

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6
Q

how many legions would be in a fortress

A

3 or 4

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7
Q

where were fortresses usually based

A

borders- e.g. scotland

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8
Q

what did fortresses have built around them

A

towns

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9
Q

what troops did forts have

A

auxiliary troops

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10
Q

what are auxiliary troops

A

they are made up of non Roman citizens recruited from provinces e.g. greeks, africans, french etc.

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11
Q

forts structure

A

fairly standard plan
playing card shape
rectangular with rounded corners
surrounded by v-shaped ditch
some surrounded with stone walls
towers on the corners to hold shelter and supplies

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12
Q

what were forts initially made of, and what were they later replaced with

A

initially made of turf and wood, later replace with stone

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13
Q

where were the headquarters in a fortress

A

in the iddle of the fort connected to the main entrance

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14
Q

what were the headquarters (principia) in a fortress for

A

to impress visitors
religious significance
administrative offices

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15
Q

What were the living quarters for commanding officer (praetorium)

A

where commanding officer and his family lived
fancy- own bathhouse, decorated

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16
Q

what were the main streets in a fortress called

A

via praetoria
via principalis
via quintana

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17
Q

what was the via praetoria for

A

to impress
lead to the principia

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17
Q

what was the via principalis for

A

met via praetoria in T junction in front of principia

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18
Q

where was the via quintana

A

behind the principa

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19
Q

what were the two types of barracks

A

infantry barracks
cavalry barracks

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20
Q

how many men in one infantry barrack

A

one barrack per 100 men
8-10 men in one room

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21
Q

infantry barrack layout

A

sloping roof (veranda)- kept off rain and sun
often arranged in facing pairs

22
Q

adjoining kit room for each contubernium

A

fact

23
Q

who slept in cavalry barracks

A

horses and men in adjacent rooms

24
Q

why did men and horses sleep close to eachother

A

so that riders could immediately ready their horses for battle

25
Q

how many men/horses in one stable/room

A

3 horses,3 men

26
Q

how many men in a turma (cavalry squadron)

A

approx 30

27
Q

look at prescribed source of typical roman fort

A
28
Q

why were the granaries (horrea) on stilts

A

Harder for something to eat it
kept cool and dark

29
Q

why were the barracks near the workshops

A

so that the soldiers could easily repair their weapons if they broke during fighting

30
Q

how would life in roman camps be varied and interesting

A

amphitheatres for entertainment- could watch animals and men fight
see different places as you move around
some had baths in the camps so they could relax
excercise area
luntport had gyros to lunge horses

31
Q

how would life in roman camps NOT be varied and interesting

A

every fort the same, structured the same
walking drills everyday
clean sword everyday to prevent rusting
training with swords everyday- repetitive
living together all the time- got sick of the 8-10 people in their contubernium

32
Q

what were the requirements for legionaries

A

male
17+
roman citizen
tall
strong

33
Q

how many years was a legionaries survice

A

25 years

34
Q

what would legionary get if he survived his time in the army

A

land to farm
money

35
Q

what is a colonia

A

military towns where old soldiers settled/ retired together

36
Q

what would a new recruit be given

A

viaticum- 300 denarii

37
Q

what did they look for in recruits

A

strong muscular men
good hands
manly men- those who didnt do feminine jobs
swear the military oath

38
Q

what would soldiers learn in training

A

how to march/step- 34km a day, drill practice 2x a day

39
Q

how did soldiers develop their fitness

A

running,jumping,swimming,carrying heavy packs

40
Q

what weapons did soldiers train with

A

wooden practice swords and wicker sheilds

41
Q

what movement were the soldiers taught to do with their swords

A

thrust, not cut

42
Q

what was the second phase of the soldiers training

A

to learn how to throw the pilum (javelin)

43
Q

where did soldiers train

A

barracks, then the countryside

44
Q

what did a fully trained legionary spend most of his time doing

A

road making or building and maintaining roads.

45
Q

how much were the soldiers payed

A

225 denarii per annum

46
Q

what did they use their pay for

A

food,clothes,equipment,savings

47
Q

some other good qualities of being a roman soldier

A

athletic
good at taking orders

48
Q

look at prescribed sources

A
49
Q

what is romanisation

A

romans imposed view on england- making the towns look
britons started speaking latin to be a part of the roman empire

50
Q

what are the evidence of romanisations

A

building remains, vases, jewellry,vindolanda(tablets),mosaics

51
Q

what is the chain of command in the army

A

legate
second tribune
camp prefect
tribune
centurion
deputy centurion
legionary

52
Q

who were legates

A

upper classes in Rome
men wanting to become senators like their fathers

53
Q

what is the centurion

A

the commander of a centuria (100 men)
most were promoted from the ranks of common soldiers
they were assigned duties, punishments and administrative duties
they could assign the punishments of beating his soldiers with his staff

latin cult (4 decks)

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