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Veterinary Nursing VN01 > The Roles of Animals in the UK and Welfare Legislation > Flashcards

The Roles of Animals in the UK and Welfare Legislation Flashcards

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1
Q

Name some of the roles that animals have in society

A
  • assistance dogs (guide dogs for blind and deaf people, medical alert dogs)
  • detection dogs (drugs, pest control, cadaver, search and rescue)
  • therapy animals (includes dogs, cats and horses)
  • security animals
  • riding school horses, including the RDA
  • farm dogs (sheep dogs, ratting dogs, feral cats for mice/rats)
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2
Q

Define ANTHROPOMORPHISM

A

The attribution of human characteristics or behaviour to an animal, god or object.

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3
Q

Why is anthropomorphism relevant to veterinary nurses?

A

It is common for owners to treat their animals as if they are their children, and by applying human characteristics to them such as by baby talking them, feeding them human food or dressing them clothes. Nurses should be able to effectively communicate with these owners, and be able to explain to them why it can be harmful for their pets to be treated in this way.
For example a dog may develop pancreatitis by being fed foods high in fat, such as sausages.

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4
Q

What is the Kennel Club?

A

An organisation in the UK aimed at promoting health, welfare, and training of dogs. Departments of the KC include their registration database (Petlog), and the KC Assured Breeders Scheme

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5
Q

What are some key points of the Kennel Club code of ethics for breeders?

A
  • will properly house, feed, water, and exercise all dogs under their care and arrange appropriate veterinary attention if required.
  • will agree not to breed from a dog or a bitch which could be in any way harmful to the dog or the breed
  • will not sell any dog to commercial dog wholesalers, retail pet dealers, or directly or indirectly allow dogs to be given as a prize or donation in a competition
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6
Q

What impacts can breeding have on the veterinary profession?

A

Cat overbreeding that is not monitored may result in stray colonies. This could result in more cats getting injured in RTAs etc and being brought in as deceased. Charities may assist in neutering and responsibly rehoming where suitable.

Dogs in particular may be over bred for certain genetics traits and physical attributes, e.g. certain coloured coats. This overbreeding can result in genetic conditions, and other problems like increased c-sections for breeds like bulldogs.

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7
Q

What does responsible breeding look like?

A
  • animals that are bred are well cared for, with good conformation and minimal health defects
  • breeders responsibly rehome the animals they produce
  • breeders are prepared for the gestation to go wrong e.g. emergency c-section. They should have appropriate financial backing for this.
  • breeding pairs are responsibly matched
  • there are upper age restrictions on breeding bitches
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8
Q

Define DYSTOCIA

A

Difficulty giving birth. This may be due to large or awkwardly positioned foetuses. It is a common problem in bulldogs, French bulldogs etc

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9
Q

What is a pet in legal terms?

A

Property of their owner. They have the same rights as inanimate objects

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10
Q

When was the first animal welfare legislative act introduced in the UK?

A
  1. The Protection of Animals Act
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11
Q

What is the main piece of animal welfare legislation in England?

A

The Animal Welfare Act (2006)

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12
Q

What is the main piece of animal welfare legislation in Scotland?

A

The Animal Health and Welfare Act (Scotland) (2006)

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13
Q

What is the main piece of animal welfare legislation in Ireland?

A

The Animal Health and Welfare Act (2013)

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14
Q

What is the main piece of animal welfare legislation in Northern Ireland?

A

The Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) (2011)

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15
Q

What is the main purpose of animal welfare legislation in the UK?

A

To place a duty of care on those involved with animals to ensure its health and wellbeing. Such persons include veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses, other veterinary staff, and pet owners.

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16
Q

What are the 5 welfare needs?

A
  1. The need for a suitable environment
  2. The need for a suitable diet
  3. The need to be able to exhibit normal behaviour patterns
  4. The need to be housed with or apart from, other animals
  5. The need to be protected from pain, injury, suffering and disease
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17
Q

When were the 5 animal welfare needs first written into legislation?

A

1911 under the Protection of Animals Act. They were designed for livestock

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18
Q

What kinds of animals are protected under the Animal Welfare Act?

A

Domesticated ones, whether permanently or temporarily. Includes dogs, cats, horses, small furries etc
Specifically vertebrates.

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19
Q

What specific mutilations for dogs are banned under the AWA?

A
  • ear cropping
  • tail docking
  • dew claw removal
    Both tails and dew claws may be done in working dogs before a certain age, and dew claws may be removed in older dogs if they are non-articulated and causing problems
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20
Q

What legislation governs fishing in the UK?

A

The Fisheries Act (2020)

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21
Q

What legislation governs pest control in the UK?

A

The Prevention of Damage by Pests Act (1949)

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22
Q

What legislation governs scientific use of animals in the UK?

A

The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986). it has 3 key parts:
1. Replacement - using alternatives to animals in science
2. Reduction - reducing the number of animals used if they must be
3. Refinement - refining techniques used to reduce animal pain and suffering if they are used

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23
Q

What legislation governs the welfare standards of farm and transported animals in the UK?

A

The Welfare of Animals (Transport) (England) Order 2006

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24
Q

What is the Dogs (Licensing and Identification) Regulations (Northern Ireland)?

A

Requires all dog owners must have a license to keep their pet. The animal must be microchipped, which must be done by 8 weeks old.
The license can be purchased from a post office or similar.

25
Q

When were the Dogs (Licensing and Identification) Regulations (Northern Ireland) introduced?

A

2012

26
Q

What are some exemptions to the Dogs (Licensing and Identification) Regulations (Northern Ireland)?

A

An owner does not need a license if the dog is:
- under 6 months old and the owners are the breeder
- a police dog
- an assistance dog

27
Q

What are the Dog Microchipping Regulations (2015)?

A

ROI legislation.
Requires all dogs be microchipped by 12 weeks old, which the forms part of the requirement for a licence.

28
Q

What are some exemptions to the Dog Microchipping Regulations (2015)?

A

A dog owner does not need a license if the dog:
- is an assistance dog
- is in the care of the local authority
- is used by the Gardai

29
Q

What are the Microchipping of Dogs (England) Regulations (2015)?

A

English legislation for the microchipping of dogs. Much less strict than NI/IRE legislation.
If a dog is found without a microchip, the owner will be given some information on the benefits of microchipping, and a short period to comply, after which they will be fined £500.

30
Q

What are the rules surrounding cat microchipping in the UK?

A

It will be a legal requirement for all cats over 5 months to be microchipped from the 10th June 2024. Owners will be given 21 days to comply, or face a fine of up to £500

30
Q

Name some exemptions to the Microchipping of Dogs (England) Regulations (2015)?

A

In England a dog does not require a microchip if:
- they have a clotting disorder, such as haemophilia
- they are working dogs, and under 12 weeks
- if the placement of a microchip would compromise the animal’s health
- if the dogs behaviour is aggressive or dangerous in any way

Owners may wait until neutering

31
Q

What is some legislation secondary to the AWA?

A
  • The Dangerous Dogs Act (1991)
  • The Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities involving Animals) (England) Regulations (2018)
  • The Animal Welfare Service Animals Act (2019) (Finn’s Law)
  • The Breeding of Dogs Act (1973)
  • The Animal Scientific Procedures Act (1986)
  • The Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981)

All of this legislation has now been absorbed in to the AWA

32
Q

What is the Dangerous Dogs Act (1991)?

A

Governs the keeping of, breeding from, or sale/exchange of banned breeds of dogs:
1. The American Pitbull Terrier
2. The Japanese Tosa
3. The Argentinian Dogo
4. The Fila Brasiliero

33
Q

What update was made to the Dangerous Dogs Act in 1997?

A

Stated that any dog matching the physical description and characteristics of a prohibited type, not a breed, are considered dangerous and are illegal.
A court decides the illegality of a type of dog, and as such a court is the only power than can decide if a dog is exempt from such rules

34
Q

What are the requirements for travelling a small animal?

A

Either an AHC if travelling to the EU or NI, or an EHC if going elsewhere, or exporting.
The pet will also need:
- a microchip
- a valid rabies vaccine (must be 12 weeks old to give, and must be given at least 21 days prior to travel)
- a tapewormer, depending on the country

35
Q

What countries require the administration of a tapewormer to an animal prior to travel?

A

Finland, Denmark, Northern Ireland, Norway, Malta, Ireland.

36
Q

What are the timings for an AHC?

A

The certificate should be issues 2-10 days prior to travel, and is valid for 4 months for onward travel within the EU, and 4 months for reentry back into Britain.

37
Q

What is the Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities involving Animals) (England) Regulations (2018)

A

Legislation that sets out the requirements for local authorities to license activities involving animals, and relevant establishments

38
Q

What are the animal welfare codes?

A

Species specific codes that outline best practice for care of particular species, e.g. dog, cat, rabbit. Produced by DEFRA

38
Q

What are the 5 activities covered by the Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities involving Animals) (England) Regulations (2018)?

A
  1. Selling animals as pets
  2. Boarding kennels, including day care
  3. Horse hire (riding schools, trekking centres)
  4. Dog breeding
  5. Keeping of animals for exhibition (zoos, circuses etc)
    Licenses are given on a risk based system. Lower risk = longer license term and fewer unannounced inspections
39
Q

What is the Animal Welfare Services Animals Act (2019)?

A

Finn’s Law.
Makes it a criminal offence to harm a service dog, and offenders may now be prosecuted

40
Q

What is the Breeding of Dogs Act (1973)?

A

Legislation that governs the commercial breeding of dogs

41
Q

In what instances will the Kennel Club not register a litter of puppies?

A
  • the dam has already had 4 litters in her lifetime
  • the dam is over 8 years old
  • the dam is under a year old at mating
  • the puppies were from an incestuous mating
  • the dam has already had two c-sections
  • the puppies were born abroad
42
Q

When is a breeding license required?

A

For anyone breeding 3 or more litters a year, unless they can show none of the puppies have been sold

43
Q

Give some examples of legislation that regulates dog breeders?

A

-The Breeding and Sale of Dogs (Welfare) Act (1999)
- The Breeding of Dogs Act (1973) (1991)
- The Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities involving Animals) (England) Regulations (2018)

Required licenses for breeders that were given out by the local council after the breeder met certain requirements. Now all absorbed into the AWA

44
Q

What are the requirements for a dog breeder to get a license?

A

The animals must:
- have suitable accommodation, food, water and bedding material
- be adequately exercised and visited at regular intervals

All suitable/reasonable precautions must be taken to prevent and control the spread of diseases among the dogs

45
Q

Give some examples of animal welfare agencies and charities in the UK

A

The PDSA
The RSPCA
The RSPB
Cats Protection
Dogs Trust

46
Q

Under what piece of legislation are assistance animals protected?

A

The Equality Act (2010)
The owner should have an ID booklet identifying the animal as an assistance animal, which will allow them to enter public spaces without exemption

47
Q

What is ADUK?

A

Assistance Dogs UK - keeps records of all assistance dogs in the UK

48
Q

What are some essential parts of the AWA?

A
  • maximum fines of £20,000 and maximum sentences of 5 years for offenders
  • soft tissue mutilation is illegal
  • u16s are not allowed to buy animals
  • any advertising or marketing of dog fighting is illegal
  • tail docking must always be done by a vet; before 5 days and in working dogs only with justification
  • dew claws can be removed by anyone before the dogs eyes are open
49
Q

How long do dogs that are imported from abroad have to get microchipped?

A

30 days

50
Q

What does the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) state in relation to wildlife in practice?

A

Any wildlife kept captive in practice for more than 6 weeks should be microchipped and deemed a temporary/permanent wildlife casualty

51
Q

What is the maximum license duration that an establishment can get?

A

3 years, with one unannounced visit within a 36 month period. This would be a 5* establishment

52
Q

What are some specific requirements for bitches under the Animal Welfare Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations (2018) ?

A
  • 6 litters in lifetime
  • maximum of 2 c-sections for one bitch
  • cannot sell/rehome a dog if under 8 weeks old
53
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic make up of an animal

54
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical characteristics of a gene - what the gene presents as in the animal itself e.g coat colour, BOAS

55
Q

What is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species?

A

Governs the breeding and selling of exotic animals including birds and reptiles that are classified as endangered. Owners must prove captive breeding and the animal must be microchipped

56
Q

How many breeds of dog do the Kennel Club recognise?

A

218

Veterinary Nursing VN01 (10 decks)

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