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PE - sport and society paper two > The role of technology in physical activity and sport > Flashcards

The role of technology in physical activity and sport Flashcards

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1
Q

What is research ?

A

A systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge

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2
Q

What are sports analytics ?

A

Studying data from sports performances to try and improve results

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3
Q

How are sports analytics used ?

A
  • used across the majority of sports through the world
  • gives coaches and managers details on strengths and weaknesses
  • A company called Opta specialise in sports analytics and sports such as football and cricket use these platforms to fine-tune and optimise performance
  • Technology in sports collects different types of data
  • Need to ensure data is reliable, valid and objective
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4
Q

What is quantitate research ?

A
  • formal, objective and systematic process
  • factual and numerical data
  • e.g. most fitness tests
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5
Q

What is qualitative research ?

A
  • focuses on words
  • subjective
  • uses thoughts and emotions
  • helps gain a better understanding on participant experiences
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6
Q

What is objective research ?

A
  • information received based on facts
  • measurable and observable
  • suitable for feeding information back to the performer
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7
Q

What is subjective research ?

A
  • information based on personal opinions, assumptions and emotions
  • seen as less meaningful feedback for a player
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8
Q

What is validity ?

A

How much the data actually measured what it set out to do

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9
Q

What is reliability ?

A

How consistent results are when using the same process

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10
Q

What are video and analysis programmes ?

A
  • coaches and athletes are using technology to analyse individual technique and team performances
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11
Q

What is video motion analysis ?

A
  • high speed cameras and computer software to analyse frame-by-frame footage
  • analysis can take place either immediately after performance or in a more controlled lab setting
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12
Q

What is performance analysis ?

A
  • objective feedback
  • for a performer who is trying to get a positive change in performance
  • feedback can be given off many indicators
  • e.g. successful passes. distance ran, shots taken
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13
Q

What is indirect calorimetry ?

A

The measurement of the amount of heat generated in an oxidation reaction by determining the consumption of oxygen or the carbon dioxide expired

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14
Q

What is metabolic cart ?

A

Device which works by attaching head gear to a subject while they breathe a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time

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15
Q

How is metabolic cart used for indirect calorimetry ?

A
  • non-invasive and highly accurate method of metabolic rate
  • test indirectly measures how much energy your body uses at rest by measuring the amount of oxygen you consume compared to the amount of carbon dioxide you expire
  • information is converted into the heat equivalent rate
  • results measured in REE
  • results can differ due to the height, weight, gender and age of an athlete
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16
Q

How is an indirect calorimetry test used in sport ?

A
  • to calculate resting energy requirements - minimal nutritional needs
  • estimate additional calories needed for activities
  • predict calories needed for weight maintenance, loss or gain
  • useful for sports events with weight categories
  • useful for those following intense exercise programmes to ensure sufficient calories
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16
Q

How is GPS and tracking software used ?

A
  • tracking systems help coaches monitor players during matches
  • immediate information (speed, distance, time, hr, pace)
  • improves performance by monitoring success rates in technical performance
  • can measure g forces (sports such as formula 1, rugby)
  • helps with substitutions and replacement (decreases the risk of injury, gage fatigue levels and manage workload during rehab
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17
Q

What 2 sections has motion analysis developed into ?

A

Notational match analysis = used to record aspects of individual or team performance

Biomechanics = used to analyse the sporting impact of body moments (also known as kinematics)

  • They both use quantitive data to make the data accurate, reliable and valid
18
Q

How can GPS tracking be utilised ?

A
  • tracking devices deliver information in real-time
  • distance and intensities can inform coaches of player workload
  • Post injury workloads can be managed to ensure athletes aren’t over-exerting
  • Inexpensive devices are now available to the amateurs - e.g. sports watches
19
Q

Why is monitoring data integrity important ?

A
  • to ensure that data is entered into the system and recorded exactly as intended
  • this means that the data is the same as when it was originally recorded
20
Q

How can GPS data integrity can be compromised ?

A
  • human error
  • when data is moved from one computer to another
  • software bugs and viruses
  • hardware malfunctions such as disks crashing
21
Q

How can the threat of data integrity being compromised be minimised ?

A
  • regularly backing up data
  • controlling access to data and protecting against malicious intent
  • interfaces which prevents the input of invalid data
  • using error detection and correction software when transmitting data
  • not leaving a computer unattended
22
Q

What are the five functions of sport analytics ?

A
  • monitoring fitness for performance
  • skill and technique development
  • injury prevention
  • game analysis
  • talent ID
23
Q

How is monitoring fitness for performance a function of sport analytics ?

A
  • Elite athletes are continually pushing the boundaries of fitness
  • Monitoring of fitness can be accessed through sports analytics such as heart rate monitors, smart watches etc
  • Data such as heart rate, distance, calories burnt are easily accessible for both recreational and elite performers
  • Coaches use data to analyse or for the individual performer to increase motivation
24
Q

How is skill and technique development a function of sports analysis ?

A
  • video analysis can be very valuable for coaches
  • allows for manipulation of current techniques to replicate the elite performer
  • the visual eye is unable to make precise calculations like video programming
  • analyse happens frame by frame to give precise angle of limbs
  • this gives instant feedback
25
Q

What is the programme dartfish ?

A
  • offers motion analysis and game analysis of performers
  • presents data in charts and statistics which allow comparison
26
Q

How is injury prevention a function of sports analysis ?

A
  • vibrations use has increased over the last 10 years
  • using vibrations means that additional muscle fibres are recruited which increases contraction strength
  • This is achieved by creating a constant stretch in the muscle
  • Vibrations increase blood flow to working muscles whilst removing waste products such as lactic acid and co2 (leads to faster repair and recovery)
  • Electric vibrations = aid muscle contraction and relaxation with positive results for injury rehab
  • Research has shown electrostimulation to be effective in preventing atrophy of the muscles (decrease in muscle strength, mass and oxidation) as a result of immobilisation
27
Q

How is game analysis a function of sports analysis ?

A
  • technology used such as GPS and video tracking provides a wide range of data
  • this means that coaches can see how individuals and teams are performing
28
Q

How is talent identification a function of sports analysis ?

A
  • physiological data in talent ID is used for initial screening for those with desired characteristics
  • additional testing looks at psychological qualities which are essential for elite sports (determine, committed)
  • Olympic and Paralympic sports run programmes based on the data to select suitable candidates
29
Q

How has equipment been developed to help increase sport participation ?

A
  • technology is being utilised to remove barriers faced by the elderly and disabled
  • allows them to train and compete both recreationally and internationally
  • e.g. the use of prosthetics due to new materials and carbon fibre
30
Q

What are some examples of adapted equipment for the elderly to support their participation in sport ?

A

Exercise balance beam = helps to maintain balance, posture, mobility and coordination by encouraging the lifting of feet

Pedal exercise machine = helps improve circulation and muscle ton without the harsh impact of exercise

Therapy balls and finger extension exercises = helps with the movement of hands and wrists and increases grip strength

Technologically advanced wheelchair design = wheelchairs can be personalised for sports to enable participation for those confined to wheelchairs

31
Q

How have facilities and surface being improved due to technology ?

A
  • technology led to enhanced athletics tracks (which have more springs and boost performance)
  • some criticisms have looked at the link between grass and injury’s
  • 3/4G pitches have been used for elite fixtures = better for the athletes
32
Q

What does MUGA stand for ?

A

Multi-use game areas
- such as sports halls
- used by schools and local communities
- cheaper than specialised facilities

33
Q

What are negative effects of technology on the sport ?

A
  • slowing the game down due to VAR checks
  • data interpreted incorrectly
  • expensive to gain the best technology
  • games become data driven - less authentic and creative
34
Q

What are positive effects of technology on the sport ?

A
  • improves game play
  • improves decision making
  • performance levels improve
35
Q

What are positive effects of technology on the performer ?

A
  • Equipment improved - light weight tennis rackets, weight weight and aerodynamic bikes
  • Clothes improved - compression socks to increase blood flow
  • improved knowledge about recovery
  • improved knowledge of diet and nutrition
  • improvements in drug-testing
  • improvement in drug-testing
36
Q

What are negative effects of technology on the performer ?

A
  • undetectable drug enhancement - masking agents
  • increase in injury due to playing surfaces
  • inequality - rich can afford better equipment
  • unfair playing field on an international stage
37
Q

What are the positive effects of technology on coaches ?

A
  • provides objective and reliable data for analysis
  • coach can set individual and team targets
  • comparison between players using sites such as darkfish
  • workload intensity information from training
38
Q

What are the negative effects of technology on coaches ?

A
  • other teams can analyse your weakness and exploit them
  • decrease in creativity due to over-reliance
  • data may not give a true reflection or show the whole picture
39
Q

What are the positive effects of technology on the audience ?

A
  • spectators have access to live statistics
  • slow-motion increases audience experience
  • pundits using technology to analyse performance
  • viewers can now pause, rewind and replay live events
40
Q

What are the negative effects of technology on the audience ?

A
  • commentator bias
  • bias highlights - results in the negative labelling of a team
  • game slowing due to TMO or VAR reviews
  • reduced atmosphere of watching a match on TV
  • reduced amount of fans attending matches as it is easier and cheaper to watch at home
41
Q

What are the positive effects of technology on the officials ?

A
  • easier to make the correct decisions
  • viewers can hear the referee to understand why a decision has been made
  • a review can increase viewers excitement
42
Q

What are the negative effects of technlogy on the officials ?

A
  • disrupts the flow of play
  • only used for the elite performers
  • can increase spectator respect for the ref
  • over-reliance of technology

PE - sport and society paper two (8 decks)

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