the role of state governments

Question 1

US federal system and states rights

2 points

Answer 1

1. federal gov system = lots of power to individual states

2. after confederate states back in to union South passed Black Codes to control and intimidate freed slaves

Question 2

Southern states and reconstruction

3 points

Answer 2

1. AA in new Constitutional Assemblies which drew up constitutions
2. AA in first legislatures of former Confederate states
3. South Carolina (heartland of movement for Southern states rights before civil war)
   AA representatives outnumbered whites - civil rights achieved in south but only because of the presence of Union armed forces

Question 3

Reaction after 1877 and Jim Crow laws

4 points

Answer 3

1. Hayes-Tilden 1877 = AA forced out of political life
2. all white legislatures and gov’s passed Jim Crow laws-
   segregation

codes of behaviour regulating social and sexual relations between members of different races

complex regulations to qualify AA for voting

3. Southern states did little/nothing to control violence against AA or to stop lynching
4. South state authorities determined opponents of AA civil rights

Question 4

Issues over integration - little rock

2 points

Answer 4

1. state gov resisted ruling of Brown v Board of Education 1954 that school segregation was unconstitutional
2. 1957 governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus prevents 9 black student entering Central High School of Little Rock using National Guard = Eisenhower put state National Guard under federal control and imposed integration by use of federal armed forces

Question 5

issues over integration - James Meredith

2 points

Answer 5

1. 1962 clash between state gov of Mississipi and Kennedy

2. federal law officers enforced AA student entry into forcibly desegregated Mississipi univrsity

Question 6

issues over integration - Alabama

2 points

Answer 6

1. governor George Wallace inaugural speech 1963 supportive of segregation
2. state authority measures police chief Eugene ‘Bull’ Connor - used fire hoses and attack dogs against civil rights protestors in Birmingham 1963

Question 7

state resistance to segregation prompted

2 points

Answer 7

1. increased media coverage - public and world opinion against segregation
2. federal interventions