the role of forests

Question 1

what is forestry

Answer 1

• The art, science, and practice of managing forested landscapes to provide a sustained production of a variety of goods and services for society
• Involves the whole ecosystem
• Important for environment and economy
• a system of many components for different services and products

Question 2

what are the forest ecological values for the world

Answer 2

total value of forest goods and services of a 4.7 trillion USD annually

Question 3

what are the forest ecological values for china

Answer 3

1.5 trillion USD in 2009 including carbon/oxygen, water/soil conservation, biodiversity and air purification (6 services only)

Question 4

true or false :forest ecological values are at lead 10 times their commercial value

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what are the ecological roles of forest

Answer 5

• Climate and global warming
• Protection of water and water associates values (fish habitats, recreation and power regeneration
• Protection of soil
• Important for channel morphology and aquatic habitat
• Other (spiritual values and visual quality)

Question 6

what is the microclimate related to forest ecosystems

Answer 6

changing radiation balance, temperature and local precipitation

Question 7

how do forests deal with carbon

Answer 7

Forests can sequester carbon through photosynthesis, and also release carbon from respiration and decomposition; healthy forests normally have net high carbon storage changes and growth rates.

Question 8

what is the projection for global warming

Answer 8

by the year 2060, the amount of CO2 is expected to double. A change of world average temperature of between 1.5 to 4.5 Celsius is predicted to result from this doubling

Question 9

what are hydrological processes related to the protection of water

Answer 9

o Mean flows
o Peak and low flows
o Patterns and timing
o Implications for may other related values

Water quality: sediments, nutrients, temperature etc.

Forests and nutrient cycling / budgets

Question 10

what are effects of soil erosion

Answer 10

o Water quality
o Channel morphology / reservoir capacity
o Loss of soil and land

Question 11

what is the universal soil loss equation (USLE)

Answer 11

Soil loss = vegetationslopeprecipitation*soil erodibility

Suggesting that vegetation is the only thing we can deal with

Question 12

How are ways forests help channel morphology

Answer 12

Hydrology, sediments and in-stream wood affect channel morphology

o Forests and hydrology
o Forests and sediments (delivery, transportation, accumulation, deposition processes)
o Forests and In-stream wood (recruitment, transport and accumulation)

Question 13

why are forests important for habitat and wildlife

Answer 13

in a forest, more species can have high stability (ability to withstand or recover from damage); issues with monoculture

Forests provide critical habitats (vegetations, snags, in-stream wood etc.) for wildlife species

Question 14

what are hardwood trees

Answer 14

usually broad leveled

not necessarily harder than softwood but they have more complex structures

have pores

Question 15

what are softwood trees

Answer 15

conifers

Question 16

what is plywood

Answer 16

manufactured made from thin sheets of wood

thin layers glued together so adjacent piles have their wood grain at right angles to each other for more strength

Question 17

what is stake

Answer 17

wooden shingles made from split logs

used for covering the top of a house

Question 18

what is ACC

Answer 18

allowable annual cut

amount of wood permitted to be harvested within one year to ensure sustainability and productivity of the forests

Question 19

what is the economic significance of forests in BC

Answer 19

has 1 billion hectares of land and half for forests

highly competitive in world production (top 4)

very important for the economy 30% of total exports to places like china

vital for forest communities in BC

Question 20

What are challenges in forestry

Answer 20

how to maintain stability in the face of declining ACC and increasing logging cost

Question 21

what are strategies for forestry in BC

Answer 21

Diversification:

it is simply the pursuits of jobs and industries that are not related to forestry. The resource sector tends to be very cyclical, and any economic diversification will help the communities even out the volatility

Value-added:

it includes activities that add further value to the timber that is harvested: from logs – lumber – sash and frame –fully prefabricated house. Each step is an example of adding value

Non-timber economic values:

botanical products (pine mushrooms, green foliage, medical products); tourism; and protection of environmental resource is also vital to long-term economic well-being

Question 22

what are MPB implications for the future of the forests

Answer 22

Potential environmental problems: hydrology, habitat, soil etc.

Potentially > 200 million m3 of un-salvaged beetle wood in recent 5-10 years.

Harvest levels will decline by over 50% in some areas once the beetle wood is either harvested or no longer of economic value.

Climate change and wildfire add more pressures

We need to act now to maximize the forest’s value and prepare for future adjustment

Question 23

how are the indigenous included in forest management decisions

Answer 23

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (the Act) Under the Act, the Government of Canada will work in consultation and cooperation with Indigenous peoples to ->

o Take all measures necessary to ensure the laws of Canada are consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (the Declaration)

o Prepare and implement an action plan to achieve the objectives of the Declaration