The Role Of Chromosomes And Hormones In Sex And Gender Flashcards
How is the sex of a baby determined and how do you despair and the egg contribute to the chromosomes to the zygote
The sex of the baby is determined at conception where the sperm and ovum form a zygote there are 23 chromosomes which contain DNA instruction to determine the zygotes sex.the ovum can only supply an X chromosome and a sperm and provide a X or y
Up to 8 weeks female and male embryos look the same however what happens after that
XY males produce androgens which stimulate the development of male genitalia in XX females this does not take place
What is androgen insensitivity syndrome
This is a rare condition where XY males are insensitive to androgens so therefore male genitals do not appear so they get labelled as a female as they have a female genitals when born
How can Genetic transmission explain aspects of gender
This is because of the link between genes and hormones and the psychological characteristics of each gender for example the hormones affect the development of the brain which implements gender behaviour for example testosterone may cause aggression
What does oestrogen do
In females it governs the development of secondary sexual characteristics and menstruation from adolescents onwards
What does oxytocin do
Oxytocin promotes feelings of bonding happiness and content it is important in breastfeeding to promote lactation and released at times of stress to reduce the fight flight response
What does money claim about gender roles
Money says that biological sex is little importance of determining a gender role he says that gender was learnt and intersex individuals could be right either boys or girls.
This study is shown by David Reimer Who was a boy who had botched circumcision. So had gender reassignment so he was a girl although money claims that gender was learnt rather than biologically determined David had no knowledge of what had happened to him as a child.he was unhappy as a girl and suffered depression when his parents told him the truth he requested gender reassignment surgery
What was Young’s experiment to do with rats
Young gay male hormones to female rats and Vaisa versa they then showed reversed sex behaviours where males adopted the lordosis position and females attempted to mount them which shows that hormones play an important role in gender behaviour
How is it preferred that social cultural and parent to influences during socialisation cause preferences to your preferred gender role
This is shown by subjects who have congenital adrenal hyperplasia iwhere females are exposed to a unnatural high levels of testosterone in the way in which results in rudimentary male genitalia at birth
Dessens-found that 250 C a H females who were raised as females found that 95% were content with their assigned female gender
This is an example of the nature nurture debate where gender is primarily determined by biology but can be modified by social environmental factors for example gender is expressed by men and women in different ways in culturewhich change through time
What is kleinfelters syndrome
This occurs in males approximately 1/1000 they have an extra excrement said the infant is born with male genitals they are normally taller than average have poor muscle coordination and low levels of testosterone this may cause infertility and a more feminine look such as less facial hair broad hips and breast tissue
What is Turner’s syndrome
Occurs in approximately one out of 2000 females the second sex hormone is partially or completely missing therefore as an infant referred to as X0 sufferers have a vagina and womb but do not menstruate due to undeveloped ovaries but and shorter than averageand may have a smaller lower jaw webbed neck and narrow hips
What would you write in an essay about the role of chromosomes and hormones in sex and gender
How sex of the baby is the determined, chromosomes, The differences between male and female is after eight weeks, androgen insensitivity syndrome, genetic transmission between gender hormones and psychological characteristics of each gender, oestrogen and oxytocin
Evaluation: money, David the problems with the experiment, young and the rats rats socio cultural and parent to influences including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, The nature nurture debate and a typical sex chromosome patterns:kleinfelter. And Turner’s syndrome
