The Role and Importance of Research

Question 1

research

Answer 1

an intense activity that is based on the work of others and generates new ideas to pursue and questions to answer

Question 2

theory

Answer 2

a set of statements that predict things that will occur in the future and explain things that have occurred in the past

Question 3

8 criteria for high quality research

Answer 3

1. is based on the work of others, 2. can be replicated, 3. is generalizable to other settings, 4. is based on some logical rationale and tied to theory, 5. is doable, 6. generates new questions or cyclical in nature, 7. is incremental, 8. is an apolitical activity that should be undertaken for the betterment of society

Question 4

8 Standard steps in formulating and answering a question

Answer 4

1. Asking the question, 2. identifying important factors, 3. formulating a hypothesis, 4. collecting relevant information, 5. testing the hypothesis, 6. working with the hypothesis, 7. reconsidering the theory, 8. asking new questions

Question 5

3 dimensions in choosing research methods

Answer 5

1. the nature of the question asked, 2. the method used to answer it, 3. the degree of precision the methods brings to answering the question

Question 6

non-experimental research

Answer 6

examines the relationship between variables, without any attention to cause-and-effect relationships

Question 7

types of non-experimental research

Answer 7

1. descriptive research, 2. correlational research, 3. qualitative research

Question 8

descriptive research

Answer 8

describes the characteristic of an existing phenomenon

Question 9

correlational research

Answer 9

examines the relationship between variables

Question 10

correlation coefficient

Answer 10

the numerical index used in correlational research to measure the strength of relationship between variables

Question 11

important qualifier in correlation research

Answer 11

while it examines relationships between variables, it in no way implies that one variable causes changes in the other variable

Question 12

qualitative research

Answer 12

studies phenomena within the social and cultural contest in which they occur

Question 13

how is qualitative research done

Answer 13

through interviews, historical methods, case studies and ethnography

Question 14

experimental research

Answer 14

examines the cause-and-effect relationship between variables

Question 15

types of experimental research

Answer 15

true experimental research and quasi-experimental research

Question 16

true experimental research

Answer 16

examines direct cause-and-effect relationships and has the highest degree of control

Question 17

quasi-experimental research

Answer 17

focuses on cause-and-effect relationships but they use pre-assigned groups based on some predetermined characteristic or quality

Question 18

what is the distinction between experimental and other methods?

Answer 18

a matter of control, manipulation is the key in experimental designs

Question 19

primary difference between quasi-experimental and true experimental

Answer 19

in quasi-experimental, subjects are pre-assigned to groups

Question 20

another term for quasi-experimental research

Answer 20

post hoc or after the fact, because the actual research takes place after the assignment of groups

Question 21

basic research

Answer 21

a research that has no immediate application at the time it is completed

Question 22

another term for basic research

Answer 22

pure research

Question 23

applied research

Answer 23

a research that has immediate application at the time it is completed

Question 24

code works to look for in research articles for Descriptive research

Answer 24

describe, interview, review, literature

Question 25

code works to look for in research articles for historical research

Answer 25

past describe

Question 26

historical research

Answer 26

relate events that have occurrent in the past to current events

Question 27

code works to look for in research articles for correlational research

Answer 27

relationship, related to, associated with, predicts

Question 28

code works to look for in research articles for qualitative research

Answer 28

case study, evaluation, ethnography, historical research, survey

Question 29

code works to look for in research articles for true experimental research

Answer 29

function of, cause of, comparison between, effects of

Question 30

code works to look for in research articles for quasi-experimental research

Answer 30

function of, cause of, comparison between, effects of

Question 31

an important point about testing hypothesis

Answer 31

you set out to test them, not prove them

Question 32

inferential statistics

Answer 32

a set of tools that allow researchers to separate the effects of an isolated factor from differences between groups that might be owing to some other factor or to nothing other than chance