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History > The Roaring 20's > Flashcards

The Roaring 20's Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the effects of isolationism? (4)

A
  • Tariffs imposed on foreign goods
  • Gave power to Republicans
  • Immigration reduced
  • Fuelled racism/white supremacy
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2
Q

What year was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act imposed?

A

1922

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3
Q

What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act?

A

It put tariffs on foreign goods, meaning American goods were cheaper and hence profited more.

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4
Q

How many times did President Harding and Coolidge change the tariff rate?

A

37 times - it was raised 32 times though

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5
Q

What were the short-term effects of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act?

A

American industry boomed as it was protected from competition - farms and factories prospered.

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6
Q

What were the long-term effects of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act? (4)

A
  • Poor people couldn’t afford goods.
  • American firms became inefficient without competition.
  • Countries put tariffs on American goods, causing problems for industries reliant on exports.
  • No trade = no prosperity
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7
Q

How did World War One contribute to the economic boom?

A

America sold weapons and food to Europe and its colonies which helped their economy to grow.

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8
Q

What were the main Republican policies? (4)

A
  • laissez-faire
  • tariffs
  • low taxation
  • trusts
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9
Q

How did Henry Ford revolutionise manufacturing?

A

He introduced large production plants, interchangeable parts and moving assembly lines.

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10
Q

How much were Ford’s employees paid?

A

$5 for an eight-hour shift as opposed to the average $2.34 for nine hours.

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11
Q

When was the KKK founded?

A

In 1866, after the American Civil War

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12
Q

What tactics did the KKK use to scare minority groups?

A

Parades, beatings and lynchings

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13
Q

What minority groups did the KKK oppose?

A

Blacks, Jews, Catholics, Divorced women, Southern and Eastern Europeans

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14
Q

Where was the KKK mainly found?

A

In the deep South, where working-class whites competed with Blacks for unskilled jobs

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15
Q

Describe the trend in Chicago and New York’s Black population during the 1920’s.

A

New York went from 150,000 to 330,000, Chicago from 110,000 to 230,000

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16
Q

What were the advantages for Blacks living in the North? (3)

A
  • better chance of jobs/education
  • recognised culture (jazz, books, poems)
  • higher life expectancy (still 10 years less than Whites)
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17
Q

What were the disadvantages for Blacks in the North? (4)

A
  • poorer housing for higher rents
  • worse healthcare/education
  • a lot of prejudice from Whites and other Blacks
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18
Q

What law was passed in 1896?

A

The Jim Crow Laws

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19
Q

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

A

They gave legal approval for segregation and treatment of Blacks as inferior.

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20
Q

How many people moved to the North from the South in the 1920s?

A

Around one million people

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21
Q

How many members did the KKK have between 1920 and 1925?

A

Five million

22
Q

What jobs did some KKK members have?

A

There were judges, policemen and politicians in the KKK

23
Q

Why did people join the KKK? (3)

A
  • excitement
  • pressured by neighbours
  • some believed they were defending the American way of life
24
Q

What caused the influence and membership of the KKK to decrease?

A

The scandal of 1925 in which a leader David Stephenson was found guilty of abusing a woman on a train

25
Q

What were most WASPs’ opinions on immigration?

A

They believed Eastern Europeans were Catholic, Communist, uneducated peasants while Southern Europeans were Catholic, uneducated and lazy.

26
Q

What law was passed in 1917?

A

One which imposed a literacy test on immigrants - which favoured educated WASPs

27
Q

What law was passed in 1921?

A

The Emergency Quotas Act

28
Q

What was the Emergency Quotas Act?

A

It limited annual immigration to 3% of the number of emigrants from each country in 1910

29
Q

What law was passed in 1924?

A

The National Origins Act

30
Q

What was the National Origins Act?

A

It limited annual immigration to 150,000 a year - only 2% of the number of emigrants from each country in 1890 were allowed in

31
Q

Who was rich in 1920’s America? (6)

A
  • motor industry (number of cars rose from nine million to twenty-six million)
  • industries related to motors (steel, rubber, glass, leather)
  • consumer goods manufacturers (radios, telephones, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners)
  • film industry (110 million people went to the cinema every week)
  • big business owners (Rockefeller, Carnegie, etc - there were 35,000 millionaires by 1928)
  • aviation industry (162,000 flights in 1930)
32
Q

Who was poor in 1920’s America? (6)

A
  • Blacks (1 million farmers lost their jobs)
  • farmers (750,000 unemployed)
  • rural areas (6 million people moved to cities)
  • coal miners (less demand due to oil and gas production)
  • cotton farmers (synthetic fibres like rayon reduced demand)
  • 71% of Americans (earned less than $2,500 p.a., the minimum requirement for decent lifestyle)
33
Q

What dance forms became popular in the 1920’s?

A

Charleston, tango, Black Bottom and bunny hug

34
Q

What was the stereotypical ‘flapper’?

A
  • short, bobbed hair
  • flat-chested
  • wore a skirt rose to the knee
  • lipstick
  • smoked
  • drove Tin Lizzies
35
Q

Name a few celebrities of 1920’s America

A
  • Charles Lindbergh, the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic
  • Jack Dempsey, a boxer
  • Babe Ruth, a baseball player
36
Q

Who were two of the most famous jazz musicians?

A

Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington

37
Q

Describe the trend in households with radios.

A

It rose from 60,000 in 1920 to 10 million in 1929

38
Q

What was the first talkie?

A

The Jazz Singer, featuring Al Jolson

39
Q

Name some famous Hollywood actors from the 1920’s.

A

Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino

40
Q

What were the arguments in favour of Prohibition? (3)

A
  • reduces violence
  • ensures families have more money
  • lowers death rate from drunk killers
41
Q

How many states were dry in 1914?

A

Twelve

42
Q

How many states were dry after the First World War?

A

75% of them

43
Q

Who were the main groups in favour of Prohibition?

A

The Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the Anti-Saloon League

44
Q

Who was the main group opposing Prohibition?

A

The Association against the Prohibition Amendment (AAPA)

45
Q

Where was the main support for alcohol?

A

The North, especially cities

46
Q

What were the disadvantages of Prohibition? (5)

A
  • goverment gets less tax
  • moonshine was dangerous
  • jobs lost in alcohol industry
  • two and a half billion dollars used to be spent on alcohol
  • rise in mafia
47
Q

How many children were reported to have been smothered by drunk parents?

A

3000 a year

48
Q

What act passed Prohibition?

A

The Volstead Act (1920-1933)

49
Q

What were the weaknesses in the American economy? (4)

A
  • over-production
  • unequal distribution of wealth
  • tariffs
  • speculation
50
Q

What did economists say about the US economy in 1929?

A

It had reached a plateau of prosperity - no end to the wealth

51
Q

What were the four key events of the Wall Street Crash?

A
  • 13 million shares sold on Thursday 24th October
  • $250 million shares bought by banks to encourage more buying
  • 9 million shares sold on Monday 28th October
  • 16 million shares sold on Tuesday 29th October

History (4 decks)

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