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History > 1930s America > Flashcards

1930s America Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the unemployment rate in 1929?

A

2.3% of the workforce

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2
Q

What was the unemployment rate in 1932?

A

23.6% of the workforce (12 million people)

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3
Q

What was the wage drop from 1929 to 1932?

A

$28 to $22 a week

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4
Q

Why did people accept wage cuts?

A

There was high demand for jobs so they could be replaced easily

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5
Q

What percentage of Blacks were unemployed?

A

75% in Memphis and 70% in Charleston in 1931

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6
Q

What did the unemployed do for money?

A
  • apple selling
  • shoe shining
  • begging
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7
Q

What were Hobos?

A

People who travelled illegally in goods wagons.

- 1m in 1933

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8
Q

How many people lost their homes?

A

250,000 in 1932

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9
Q

What were the most popular shelters?

A
  • park benches
  • bus shelters
  • jails
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10
Q

What is the most famous Hoovervilles?

A

Bonus Army in Washington DC

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11
Q

What percentage of children were in poverty?

A

50%, who did not have enough food/clothes

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12
Q

Huey Long

A
  • Louisiana Senator
  • Fortunes over £3m to be distributed to poor
  • Incomes over £1m to be taxed at 100%
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13
Q

Father Charles Coughlin

A
  • priest
  • 40m listeners to radio show
  • government should take over banks
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14
Q

Republican opposition to ND

A
  • went against rugged individualism and laissez-faire
  • FDR acting as dictator
  • did not want to tax the wealthy
  • mirrored Communist projects in USSR
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15
Q

Supreme Court opposition

A
  • majority opposed ND
  • FDR threatened to make 6 new judges
  • backs down due to criticism
  • SC support him in future
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16
Q

Relief agencies (3)

A
  • CWA: 4m giving jobs to survive 1933/34 winter
  • FERA: $500m given to states
  • SSA: pensions for over 65s
17
Q

Recovery agencies

A
  • TVA: 20 dams and construction/leisure jobs
  • PWA: $3.3bn to prime pump (50,000 miles of road, 13,000 schools)
  • WPA: gave over 2m jobs in civil works projects like 8000 hospitals/schools
18
Q

ND budget cut

A
  • cut in 1937 due to high spending

- 14.3% to 19% unemployment in 1938

19
Q

ND criticisms

A
  • CCC: for young white men and no long term jobs like CWA
  • jobs paid by government which could not be continued forever
  • unemployment at 10m in 1939
20
Q

Ww2 effects

A
  • sells weapons to Britain reducing employment to 14.6%
  • trades instead of busy countries
  • Lend Lease Act gives USA $50bn armaments
  • unemployment at almost 0% by end of war
21
Q

EBA?

A
  • banks closed for four days
  • guaranteed money in banks under $2,500
  • monitored stock exchange
22
Q

AAA?

A
  • 10.5m acres of cotton ploughed
  • 6m piglets slaughtered
  • 1/3 of farms closed down (dust bowl)
  • farm income went from $4.5bn in 1932 to $6.9bn in 1935
23
Q

FERA?

A
  • $500m for state governments

- half conditional on other half being used

24
Q

CCC?

A
  • 3m 17-24 (then 28) year olds involved
  • 1.3bn trees planted
  • 65,100 miles of telephone lines
25
Q

CWA?

A
  • emergency relief during winter of 1933/34
  • 4m jobs for public projects
  • jobs like pigeon-scaring and sweeping leaves
26
Q

PWA?

A
  • gave $3.3bn to prime pump of economy
  • 13,000 schools
  • 50k miles of road
27
Q

WPA?

A
  • couldn’t compete with private firms
  • 1,000 airport landing fields
  • 8,000 schools and 12,000 playgrounds
  • 2m employed with low wages
28
Q

TVA?

A
  • 20 dams around 7 states
  • provided hydroelectricity to the poor area
  • lakes attracted tourists
29
Q

NRA?

A
  • set out fair wages
  • outlawed child labour
  • 557 codes of practice
  • deemed unconstitutional
30
Q

HOLC?

A
  • gave out loans to home buyers to stimulate housing market

- 300k given out in first year

31
Q

SSA?

A
  • provided pensions and unemployment insurance

- benefits maximum of $18 per week for 16 weeks

32
Q

Hoover’s failures?

A
  • rugged individualism

- Bonus Army was disastrous

33
Q

Hoover’s successes?

A
  • offered $4,000m for building projects like Hoover Dam
  • Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act 1930 aimed to discourage imports (average 40%)
  • Emergency Relief Act provided $300m to help unemployed (12m unemployed in 1932)

History (4 decks)

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