the rise of the nazis fr Flashcards
how did Hitler join the nazis?
the army sent hitler to spy on the ‘german workers party’ after ww1, he eventually decided to join the party in 1919 after agreeing with their ideas.
give 3 of the nazi parties main beliefs
- antisemitism + racism
- nationalism
- strong hostility towards democracy and socialism
when did Hitler gain leadership of the nazi party?
1921
give 3 ideas of the 25 point programme
- destroying the T.O.V
- introducing laws on immigration
- preventing jews from being german citizens
how many seats in the reichstag did the nazis have in 1928 compared to november 1933?
12 compared to 661
how many people did the nazi party grow by from 1924-29?
27k to 100k
give 3 ways the nazi party improved between 1924-29
- the nazi party became better organised and financed by industrialists
- hitler set up the SS (private army) to strenghten control (1926)
- Hitler broadened nazi appeal by targeting farmers and the middle class as well as workers
how did the great depression 1929-32 impact germanys economy?
- US loans were withdrawn, collapsing business’ and industries
- 6 million were unemployed by 1933
how did the great depression 1929-32 impact germany politically?
- raised taxes and excessive use of article 48 led to weakened democracy
- 15% increase in communinst support- scared middle and upper classes
what percent of people supported the nazis after the great depression?
37%
how did the nazi party gain support during the great depression?
- a message of a strong government and crushing the T.O.V had a wide appeal
- strong ginance allowed for a widespread propaganda campaign
- Hitler had a strong charisma, portraying a saviour to the general public
- The SA used violence to intimidate political opponents and increase fear
how did Hitler use the SA as propaganda?
Hitler provided education as well as patriotism and lastly a reduction in unemployment through the SA, leading to 2 million members by 1933.
how did Hitler gain the role of Chancellor in 1933?
Hindenburg belived Hitler could be controlled as Hindenburg would oversee his actions.
What was the Reichstag fire 1933?
shortly before an election, the Reichstag set on fire causing political outrage
how did Hitler use the Reichstag fire 1933 as propaganda?
Hitler blamed it on a communist found inside called Van der Lubbe before elections, leading to decreased support in communism
what did the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to do to communists?
imprison thousands weeks before the elections, reducing nazi support
what did the Enabling Act 1933 state?
Hitler could pass laws without the Reichstag
Give 2 things Hitler did after the Enabling Act 1933
- Hitler banned opposing political parties
- Hitler banned trade unions
competition was now illegal.
What was the Night of Long Knives 1934?
Hitler killed leading members of the SA (85 in total) in order to gain the armys support and remove internal competition
For example, Ernest Rohm (SA leader) was killed
what are 2 consequences of The Night of Long Knives 1934 on Hitler?
- reduced internal competition, maximising power.
- gained support of army and business men.
Give one consequence of Hindeburgs death in late 1934
Hitler became Fuhrer (absolute ruler) of germany. He was now chancellor, president and the head of the army.
How did the SS increase the Nazis police state strength?
they ran fearful concentration camps, housing 150,000 by 1939, scaring the public.
How did the Gestapo increase the Nazi police state strength?
The gestapo spied on the population, leading to competition being trialled/killed .
courts and police became Nazified, enforcing Hitlers ideology.
What did the Concordat 1933 state? and how did hitler break it?
Hitler could increase power with no Catholic opposition as long as he would allow Catholic schools and youth movements. Hitler broke this promise and abolished Catholic schools, leading to friction by 1935.
What was the German Faith movement 1933-45?
an alternative, pagan, movement was set up in replacement of Catholicism, however only 5% of the population joined
give 3 forms of opposition towards the nazis after 1933
- army generals such as ‘Beck’ who attempted to assasinate Hitler in ww2
- The pope attacked the Nazi regime due to the tyrancy it consisted of
- youth groups such as the ‘ Edelweiss Pirates’ defied nazi rules and performed anti-social acts
Give 2 examples of censorship after Hitler gained power
- foreign radio and newspapers banned
- jazz music banned
what is Volkgemeinschaft?
the idea that germany was unified, interdependant and strong
what were the roles of youth groups between 1933-39 for both boys and girls?
boys- compulsory to prepare for army (Hitler youth)
girls- compulsory, to be mothers and obey traditional roles (BDM)
7.3 million youth joined
how many people were in youth groups under nazi rule?
7.3 million
give 2 examples of education changing under the nazis
- Text books rewritten to focus on german history
- racial studies introduced
how were women motivated to obey traditional roles?
- rewards such as marriage loans led to an increase in birth rate by 30%
- mothercraft classes pressured women into going into their desired roles
how did the economy change under the nazis?
- unemployment went from 6,000,000 to 300k under public schemes such as the compulsory labour service (RAD)
- Workers were controlled through the DAF after trade unions and strikes were banned
- Workers wagwes went down and hours went up, however they had incentives such as cheap holidays
how was the german military impacted under the nazis?
- the army grew to 1.5 million, breaking the 100k cap
- heavy industry such as tanks were built up
what were the 3ks for women?
kinder kirche kuche
children kitchen church
