The Rise of Mussolini 1919-26 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Mussolini found in March 1919

A

Fasci di Combattimento

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2
Q

What happened to Italy at the Versailles Treaty of June 1919

A

It failed to get any territorial gains, it gained essentially nothing from the war despite being on the winning side.

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3
Q

When did Gabriele D’Annunzio and his forces seize the port of Fiume

A

September 1919

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4
Q

What happened with workers in September 1920

A

Workers seized control of many factories in the north. The strikes ended after the government compromised with the unions and workers.

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5
Q

What happened in the election of November 1919?

A

PSI ( Socialists) and Catholics (PPI) won a majority but could not work together to from a govt meaning the liberals remained in power.

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6
Q

What happened in 1919-20?

A

The Biennio Rosso “Two red years”

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7
Q

What did the fascists do in 1920-22

A

Committed significant amounts of violence across Italy as fascist squads attacked socialist and communist politicians and their political offices and newspapers.

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8
Q

What happened at the May 1921 general election

A

The fascists made a breakthrough winning 7% of the vote and Mussolini along with 34 other fascists entered parliament.

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9
Q

What did Mussolini sign with the socialist trade union and PSI parliament leader in August 1921?

A

The pact of pacification

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10
Q

What did Mussolini do when he was reinstated as fascist leader in November 1921?

A

Formalised the fascist movement into the PNF, Partita Nazionale Fascista

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11
Q

What did the Fascists do in October 1922?

A

Took control of many northern cities through violence and planned a march on Rome to seize power.

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12
Q

When was Mussolini appointed PM of Italy by the King?

A

30 Oct 1922

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13
Q

How many fascists did Mussolini have in his first cabinet?

A

4

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14
Q

What did parliament approve in November 1922?

A

Year long emergency powers for Mussolini, 306-116 votes

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15
Q

When did Mussolini create the Fascist grand council?

A

December 1922

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16
Q

When did Mussolini create the Fascist Militia which incorporates the fascist squads?

A

January 1923

17
Q

What happened in February 1923?

A

ANI amalgamated with the PNF

18
Q

What law did Parliament pass in July 1923?

A

the acerbo law, guarantees two thirds of the parliaments seats to whichever party wins the highest proportion of the vote

19
Q

What happened at the general election of April 1924

A

Fascists won 66% of the vote gaining 374 of 535 deputies

20
Q

What did the Fascists do in June 1924?

A

Murdered PSI leader Giacomo Matteoti. Opposition MPs left parliament as a protest.

21
Q

What did the fascists implement in July 1924?

A

Press Censorship

Opposition meetings banned

22
Q

What did Mussolini announce to the parliament in January 1925

A

That he would be enforcing a fascist dictatorship. Arrests of opposition members and closures of anti-fascist organisations follow

23
Q

When was the second, new press Censorship introduced

A

November 1925

24
Q

What was the title of PM changed to in December 1925?

A

Head of government and Duce of Fascism

25
Q

What was Mussolini granted in January 1926

A

The right to rule by decree without consultation with parliament

26
Q

When were opposition parties officially banned

A

November 1926