The Rise of Mussolini 1919-26 Flashcards
What did Mussolini found in March 1919
Fasci di Combattimento
What happened to Italy at the Versailles Treaty of June 1919
It failed to get any territorial gains, it gained essentially nothing from the war despite being on the winning side.
When did Gabriele D’Annunzio and his forces seize the port of Fiume
September 1919
What happened with workers in September 1920
Workers seized control of many factories in the north. The strikes ended after the government compromised with the unions and workers.
What happened in the election of November 1919?
PSI ( Socialists) and Catholics (PPI) won a majority but could not work together to from a govt meaning the liberals remained in power.
What happened in 1919-20?
The Biennio Rosso “Two red years”
What did the fascists do in 1920-22
Committed significant amounts of violence across Italy as fascist squads attacked socialist and communist politicians and their political offices and newspapers.
What happened at the May 1921 general election
The fascists made a breakthrough winning 7% of the vote and Mussolini along with 34 other fascists entered parliament.
What did Mussolini sign with the socialist trade union and PSI parliament leader in August 1921?
The pact of pacification
What did Mussolini do when he was reinstated as fascist leader in November 1921?
Formalised the fascist movement into the PNF, Partita Nazionale Fascista
What did the Fascists do in October 1922?
Took control of many northern cities through violence and planned a march on Rome to seize power.
When was Mussolini appointed PM of Italy by the King?
30 Oct 1922
How many fascists did Mussolini have in his first cabinet?
4
What did parliament approve in November 1922?
Year long emergency powers for Mussolini, 306-116 votes
When did Mussolini create the Fascist grand council?
December 1922
When did Mussolini create the Fascist Militia which incorporates the fascist squads?
January 1923
What happened in February 1923?
ANI amalgamated with the PNF
What law did Parliament pass in July 1923?
the acerbo law, guarantees two thirds of the parliaments seats to whichever party wins the highest proportion of the vote
What happened at the general election of April 1924
Fascists won 66% of the vote gaining 374 of 535 deputies
What did the Fascists do in June 1924?
Murdered PSI leader Giacomo Matteoti. Opposition MPs left parliament as a protest.
What did the fascists implement in July 1924?
Press Censorship
Opposition meetings banned
What did Mussolini announce to the parliament in January 1925
That he would be enforcing a fascist dictatorship. Arrests of opposition members and closures of anti-fascist organisations follow
When was the second, new press Censorship introduced
November 1925
What was the title of PM changed to in December 1925?
Head of government and Duce of Fascism
