Liberal State

Question 1

What was the Biennio Rosso?

Answer 1

The period in 1919-20 in which there was labour militancy and strikes. combined with a rise in anarchist and socialist views.

Question 2

Which bank collapsed post Ww1 and why?

Answer 2

Banca di Sconto, collapsed as it was closely tied with ansaldo, a munitions company that struggled to stay afloat after the war.

Question 3

What was unemployment in Nov 1919?

Answer 3

2 million

Question 4

Who was the PM Feb 1901- Oct 1903

Answer 4

Giuseppe Zanardelli

Question 5

Who was PM Nov 1903- march 1905

Answer 5

Giovanni Giolitti

Question 6

Who was PM may 1906- Dec 1909

Answer 6

Giovanni Giolitti

Question 7

Who was PM march 1910- march 1911

Answer 7

Luigi Luzzatti

Question 8

Who was PM March 1911 - March 1914

Answer 8

Giovanni Giolitti

Question 9

Who was PM march 1914- June 1916

Answer 9

Antonio Salandra

Question 10

What is the “Roman Question”

Answer 10

The term used to describe the split between the Italian State and the Catholic church, the church refused to recognise the legitimacy of the unified Italian nation. The Pope argued the papal states had been annexed by an invading force and that is temporal power( power over territory) was necessary to ensure his independence as Gods representative on Earth.

Question 11

How many strikes were there between 1901 and 1911?

Answer 11

Over 1500, involving nearly 350,000 workers

Question 12

What was the illiteracy rate in Southern Italian regions of Apuila, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily in 1911?

Answer 12

Apuila - 59%
Basilicata - 65.3%
Calabria - 69.6%
Sicily- 58%

Question 13

What was the illiteracy rate in the northern Italian regions of Piedmont, Lombardy, Venice and Liguria in 1911?

Answer 13

Piedmont - 11%
Lombardy - 13%
Venice - 25%
Liguria - 17%

Question 14

What was irredentism?

Answer 14

The idea that Italy should reclaim the Irredente lands, eg Istria, Dalmatia, and South Tyrol. This was due to the fact that many people in these areas spoke Italian and were of Italian ethnicity.

Question 15

When was Giovanni Giolitti’s final term as PM?

Answer 15

15 June 1920- 4 July 1921

Question 16

When was the period of Liberal Italy?

Answer 16

1870 - 1922

Question 17

Who was the leader of the PSI from 1895 to WW1?

Answer 17

Filippo Turati

Question 18

What year was the ANI formed and what does ANI stand for?

Answer 18

Associazione Nazionalista Italiana formed in 1910 under the leadership of Enrico Corradini

Question 19

What day was the invasion of Libya

Answer 19

29 September 1911

Question 20

What year was the Franchise extension?

Answer 20

1912, extended the vote to all men who had completed military service, and all men over 30 regardless of literacy, previously had only been to men over 21 who were literate.

Question 21

How many seats did the Liberals lose in the 1913 election, ( first election after the franchise extension)

Answer 21

Won 318 seats, a loss of 71 from the 1909 election. Socialists, Nationalists, radicals and Catholics all made gains.

Question 22

What was Italy’s foreign policy in august 1914 under Salandra?

Answer 22

Neutrality

Question 23

When did Italy sign the Treaty of London?

Answer 23

26 April 1915

Question 24

Why was Mussolini expelled from the Socialist party?

Answer 24

For being in favour of intervention in WW1, he believed it was the best way to bring about a revolution.

Question 25

When was the Battle of Caparetto?

Answer 25

October 1917

Question 26

How many Italian casualties were there at the Battle of Caporetto

Answer 26

10,000 killed
30,000 wounded
300,000 taken prisoner
400,000 missing ( simply vanished )
many who went missing used to chaos to head back home

Question 27

What were the reasons for Italian defeat at Caporetto?

Answer 27

Low morale
Poor leadership
Italians simply routed
Original Austrian victory was due to tactical means but the extent of the hurried Italian retreat was due to low morale

Question 28

What was the Socialists response to WW1?

Answer 28

The PSI had a policy of neither support nor sabotage

Question 29

What happened during post WW1 victory takls

Answer 29

Orlando walked out of the conference meaning Italy virtually got none of the spoils of war

Question 30

How much did Fiat increase its workforce by during WW1?

Answer 30

6,000 to 30,000

Question 31

What had Giolitti hoped would happen when Italy invaded Libya in September 1911

Answer 31

That the local population would greet the Italians as liberators from Ottoman rule, this did not happen.

Question 32

How many Turkish held islands did Italy occupy in the Aegean sea during its occupation of Libya in 1912,what was the result.

Answer 32

13, Giolitti wanted to continue to put pressure on the Ottomans, this occupation of the islands combined with the fact the Ottomans had gone to war with Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece in October 1912 meant that on 8 October 1912 the Ottomans officially surrendered Libya to Italy.