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The Rise Of Modern Nations Flashcards

1
Q

The four great nation that developed in Western Europe in the latter Middle Ages.

A

England, France, Spain, and Portugal

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2
Q

The earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles.

A

Celts

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3
Q

A special group of Celtic men who acted as teachers, judges, and priests.

A

Druids

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4
Q

A mysterious monument that still stands in southern England.

A

Stonehenge

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5
Q

The Germanic tribes that invaded Britain during the 5th century.

A

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes

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6
Q

Wandering poets who devised long poems about war heroes and chanted them to their tribal chiefs for entertainment.

A

Scops

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7
Q

The missionary appointed by pope Gregory I who eventually become the first archbishop in Canterbury.

A

Augustine

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8
Q

Who wrote An Ecclesiastical History of the English People

A

Bede

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9
Q

The leading Saxon kingdom controlled by the Danes

A

Wessex

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10
Q

The treaty in which Alfred confined the Danes to the northeastern portion of England

A

Danelaw

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11
Q

The first great king of England

A

Alfred the Great

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12
Q

A running history of current events that made Englishmen aware of their common history

A

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

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13
Q

The Viking invader that ruled England, Denmark, and Norway as a great empire

A

Canute the Dane

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14
Q

The Saxon king who returned to the throne of England with the help of the English nobles

A

Edward the Confessor

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15
Q

The most powerful noble made king by the Englishmen

A

Harold Godwin

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16
Q

Date for the Battle of Hastings

A

1066

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17
Q

Who became king after the Battle of Hastings

A

William the Conqueror

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18
Q

A count of the people and property

A

Census

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19
Q

What old assembly of nobles was replaced with the Great Council

A

Witan

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20
Q

What old assembly of nobles was replaced with the Great Council

A

Witan

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21
Q

The most important Norman king after William the Conqueror

A

Henry I

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22
Q

What did Henry issue that promised to end heavy taxation of the nobles and the church and not abuse his power as king

A

Charter of Liberties

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23
Q

A group of nobles and administrators who looked after the government’s finances and acted as judges over revenue matters

A

Exchequer

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24
Q

Who began the Plantagenet line of kings

A

Henry II

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25
Laws common to all Englishmen
Common Law
26
A group of people called to give a verdict
Trial by jury
27
The English king that loved crusades
Richard the Lion-Hearted
28
Who rules during Richard’s absence
Eleanor of Aquitaine
29
The most hated king in English history
John
30
The king of France who used John’s bad behavior as an excuse to declare that the English king has broken the promises of a vassal
Philip Augustus
31
The date and location for the Magna Carta
1215, Runnymede
32
A written plan which sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles/ rules for exercise and restraint of governmental power
Constitution
33
Who called the first meeting of Parliament in 1265
Simon de Montfort
34
Which king came up with Model Parliament
Edward I
35
Representative government that became a regular feature of the English government
Model Parliament
36
Precise petitions
Bills
37
The Prince of Wales who refused to render homage to the new king
Llewellyn
38
The national hero of Scotland
Sir William Wallace
39
Who represented the Scottish nobles in the Battle of Bannockburn
Robert the Bruce
40
The dates for the Hundred Years’ War
1337 to 1453
41
Some of the locations for the famous battles against the English on French soil
Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt
42
The peasant girl who led the French army into battle
Joan of Arc
43
The port in France kept by the English
Calais
44
Who began the dynasty of the House of Lancaster
Henry IV
45
The date for the Wars of the Roses
1455
46
The last battle of the Wars of the Roses and its date
Battle of Bosworth Field, 1485
47
The first Tudor king of England
Henry VII
48
Who began the Capetian line of kings/who began the beginning of the modern French nation
Hugh Capet
49
The tiny patch of land owned by Hugh Capet
Ile-de-France
50
Which pope did Philip IV quarrel with
Boniface VIII
51
The French version of Parliament
Estates-General
52
The house that claimed the throne after the death of the last Capetian
House of Valois
53
Which peninsula is named after its earliest known inhabitants
Iberian Peninsula
54
The large, prosperous ancient city that still exists today colonized by the Phoenicians
Cádiz
55
The name the Romans gave to their new territory
Hispania
56
The Germanic tribe that swept over the Pyrenees into Spain and conquered its peoples
Visigoths
57
The great center of Moorish culture and Spain’s capital at the time
Cordova
58
Fortified palaces
Alcazars
59
The most famous alcazar located in Granada
Alhambra
60
The crusade to take back Spain from the Moors
Reconquista
61
The Spanish national hero
El Cid
62
Who united the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile in 1492
Ferdinand and Isabella
63
The Spanish scholar who wrote a grammar book for the Castilian’s language that became the basis for the modern Spanish tongue
Antonio de Nebrija
64
The inquisition started to root up and destroy “heretics” in Spain
Spanish Inquisition
65
The name that became synonymous with cruelty and torture during the Inquisition
Tomás de Torquemada
66
The name given to Portugal when it was conquered by the Romans
Lusitania
67
Under whom did Portugal become independent
Alfonso Henriques
68
Who’s reign marked the beginning of Portugal’s greatest days
John I
69
The age when the nations of Europe began in earnest to explore distant lands across uncharted seas
Age of Exploration
70
The Viking adventurer that sailed to America around A.D. 1000
Leif Ericson
71
A device used to determine navigational location by measuring the angles of celestial bodies above the horizon
Astrolabe
72
Son of an Italian merchant who traveled throughout Asia
Marco Polo
73
Major objectives of the Age of Exploration
Finding a sea route to the Far East
74
Who sailed to the Cape of Good Hope
Bartholemeu Dias
75
The first European to reach the Far East by sea
Vasco da Gama
76
The three small ships used by Columbus
Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria
77
Date for the discovery of the New World
October 12, 1492
78
Which island did Columbus first land
San Salvador
79
Which colony did Columbus govern
Santo Domingo
80
The first man to realize that Columbus discovered a new land
Amerigo Vespucci
81
The name given to the Native Americans by Columbus
Indians
82
The first tribe encountered by Columbus
Arawaks
83
Built the first great civilization in the Western Hemisphere
Mayas
84
Most important Indian civilization in South America
Incas
85
Capital of the Incas
Cuzco
86
The most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of the Age of Exploration
Aztecs
87
Capital city of the Aztecs
Tenochtitlán
88
Conquerors
Conquistadors
89
Conquerors
Conquistadors
90
Who made the first Spanish landing on the North American mainland
Ponce de León
91
Who discovered the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean
Vasco de Balboa
92
Who embarked on a three-year voyage and circumnavigated the globe
Ferdinand Magellan
93
Who conquered the Aztecs
Hernando Cortés
94
The powerful chieftain of the Aztecs
Montezuma II
95
Who conquered the Incas
Francisco Pizarro
96
Who discovered the Grand Canyon
Francisco Coronado
97
Who explored the coast of California
Juan Cabrillo
98
The imaginary line drawn 100 leagues west of the Azores and the Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic
Line of Demarcation
99
Who discovered Brazil
Pedro Cabral
100
Supposed Northwest route through North America to the Pacific
Northwest Passage
101
Discovered the St. Lawrence river
Jacques Cartier
102
The first modern explorer to reach the North American mainland
John Cabot

History (4 decks)

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