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History > The Rise Of Modern Nations > Flashcards

The Rise Of Modern Nations Flashcards

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1
Q

The four great nation that developed in Western Europe in the latter Middle Ages.

A

England, France, Spain, and Portugal

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2
Q

The earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles.

A

Celts

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3
Q

A special group of Celtic men who acted as teachers, judges, and priests.

A

Druids

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4
Q

A mysterious monument that still stands in southern England.

A

Stonehenge

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5
Q

The Germanic tribes that invaded Britain during the 5th century.

A

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes

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6
Q

Wandering poets who devised long poems about war heroes and chanted them to their tribal chiefs for entertainment.

A

Scops

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7
Q

The missionary appointed by pope Gregory I who eventually become the first archbishop in Canterbury.

A

Augustine

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8
Q

Who wrote An Ecclesiastical History of the English People

A

Bede

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9
Q

The leading Saxon kingdom controlled by the Danes

A

Wessex

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10
Q

The treaty in which Alfred confined the Danes to the northeastern portion of England

A

Danelaw

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11
Q

The first great king of England

A

Alfred the Great

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12
Q

A running history of current events that made Englishmen aware of their common history

A

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

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13
Q

The Viking invader that ruled England, Denmark, and Norway as a great empire

A

Canute the Dane

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14
Q

The Saxon king who returned to the throne of England with the help of the English nobles

A

Edward the Confessor

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15
Q

The most powerful noble made king by the Englishmen

A

Harold Godwin

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16
Q

Date for the Battle of Hastings

A

1066

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17
Q

Who became king after the Battle of Hastings

A

William the Conqueror

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18
Q

A count of the people and property

A

Census

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19
Q

What old assembly of nobles was replaced with the Great Council

A

Witan

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20
Q

What old assembly of nobles was replaced with the Great Council

A

Witan

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21
Q

The most important Norman king after William the Conqueror

A

Henry I

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22
Q

What did Henry issue that promised to end heavy taxation of the nobles and the church and not abuse his power as king

A

Charter of Liberties

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23
Q

A group of nobles and administrators who looked after the government’s finances and acted as judges over revenue matters

A

Exchequer

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24
Q

Who began the Plantagenet line of kings

A

Henry II

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25
Q

Laws common to all Englishmen

A

Common Law

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26
Q

A group of people called to give a verdict

A

Trial by jury

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27
Q

The English king that loved crusades

A

Richard the Lion-Hearted

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28
Q

Who rules during Richard’s absence

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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29
Q

The most hated king in English history

A

John

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30
Q

The king of France who used John’s bad behavior as an excuse to declare that the English king has broken the promises of a vassal

A

Philip Augustus

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31
Q

The date and location for the Magna Carta

A

1215, Runnymede

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32
Q

A written plan which sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles/ rules for exercise and restraint of governmental power

A

Constitution

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33
Q

Who called the first meeting of Parliament in 1265

A

Simon de Montfort

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34
Q

Which king came up with Model Parliament

A

Edward I

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35
Q

Representative government that became a regular feature of the English government

A

Model Parliament

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36
Q

Precise petitions

A

Bills

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37
Q

The Prince of Wales who refused to render homage to the new king

A

Llewellyn

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38
Q

The national hero of Scotland

A

Sir William Wallace

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39
Q

Who represented the Scottish nobles in the Battle of Bannockburn

A

Robert the Bruce

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40
Q

The dates for the Hundred Years’ War

A

1337 to 1453

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41
Q

Some of the locations for the famous battles against the English on French soil

A

Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt

42
Q

The peasant girl who led the French army into battle

A

Joan of Arc

43
Q

The port in France kept by the English

A

Calais

44
Q

Who began the dynasty of the House of Lancaster

A

Henry IV

45
Q

The date for the Wars of the Roses

A

1455

46
Q

The last battle of the Wars of the Roses and its date

A

Battle of Bosworth Field, 1485

47
Q

The first Tudor king of England

A

Henry VII

48
Q

Who began the Capetian line of kings/who began the beginning of the modern French nation

A

Hugh Capet

49
Q

The tiny patch of land owned by Hugh Capet

A

Ile-de-France

50
Q

Which pope did Philip IV quarrel with

A

Boniface VIII

51
Q

The French version of Parliament

A

Estates-General

52
Q

The house that claimed the throne after the death of the last Capetian

A

House of Valois

53
Q

Which peninsula is named after its earliest known inhabitants

A

Iberian Peninsula

54
Q

The large, prosperous ancient city that still exists today colonized by the Phoenicians

A

Cádiz

55
Q

The name the Romans gave to their new territory

A

Hispania

56
Q

The Germanic tribe that swept over the Pyrenees into Spain and conquered its peoples

A

Visigoths

57
Q

The great center of Moorish culture and Spain’s capital at the time

A

Cordova

58
Q

Fortified palaces

A

Alcazars

59
Q

The most famous alcazar located in Granada

A

Alhambra

60
Q

The crusade to take back Spain from the Moors

A

Reconquista

61
Q

The Spanish national hero

A

El Cid

62
Q

Who united the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile in 1492

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

63
Q

The Spanish scholar who wrote a grammar book for the Castilian’s language that became the basis for the modern Spanish tongue

A

Antonio de Nebrija

64
Q

The inquisition started to root up and destroy “heretics” in Spain

A

Spanish Inquisition

65
Q

The name that became synonymous with cruelty and torture during the Inquisition

A

Tomás de Torquemada

66
Q

The name given to Portugal when it was conquered by the Romans

A

Lusitania

67
Q

Under whom did Portugal become independent

A

Alfonso Henriques

68
Q

Who’s reign marked the beginning of Portugal’s greatest days

A

John I

69
Q

The age when the nations of Europe began in earnest to explore distant lands across uncharted seas

A

Age of Exploration

70
Q

The Viking adventurer that sailed to America around A.D. 1000

A

Leif Ericson

71
Q

A device used to determine navigational location by measuring the angles of celestial bodies above the horizon

A

Astrolabe

72
Q

Son of an Italian merchant who traveled throughout Asia

A

Marco Polo

73
Q

Major objectives of the Age of Exploration

A

Finding a sea route to the Far East

74
Q

Who sailed to the Cape of Good Hope

A

Bartholemeu Dias

75
Q

The first European to reach the Far East by sea

A

Vasco da Gama

76
Q

The three small ships used by Columbus

A

Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria

77
Q

Date for the discovery of the New World

A

October 12, 1492

78
Q

Which island did Columbus first land

A

San Salvador

79
Q

Which colony did Columbus govern

A

Santo Domingo

80
Q

The first man to realize that Columbus discovered a new land

A

Amerigo Vespucci

81
Q

The name given to the Native Americans by Columbus

A

Indians

82
Q

The first tribe encountered by Columbus

A

Arawaks

83
Q

Built the first great civilization in the Western Hemisphere

A

Mayas

84
Q

Most important Indian civilization in South America

A

Incas

85
Q

Capital of the Incas

A

Cuzco

86
Q

The most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of the Age of Exploration

A

Aztecs

87
Q

Capital city of the Aztecs

A

Tenochtitlán

88
Q

Conquerors

A

Conquistadors

89
Q

Conquerors

A

Conquistadors

90
Q

Who made the first Spanish landing on the North American mainland

A

Ponce de León

91
Q

Who discovered the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco de Balboa

92
Q

Who embarked on a three-year voyage and circumnavigated the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan

93
Q

Who conquered the Aztecs

A

Hernando Cortés

94
Q

The powerful chieftain of the Aztecs

A

Montezuma II

95
Q

Who conquered the Incas

A

Francisco Pizarro

96
Q

Who discovered the Grand Canyon

A

Francisco Coronado

97
Q

Who explored the coast of California

A

Juan Cabrillo

98
Q

The imaginary line drawn 100 leagues west of the Azores and the Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic

A

Line of Demarcation

99
Q

Who discovered Brazil

A

Pedro Cabral

100
Q

Supposed Northwest route through North America to the Pacific

A

Northwest Passage

101
Q

Discovered the St. Lawrence river

A

Jacques Cartier

102
Q

The first modern explorer to reach the North American mainland

A

John Cabot

History (3 decks)

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