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History - Greece > The Rise of Macedon > Flashcards

The Rise of Macedon Flashcards

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1
Q

Phillip held in Thebes

A
  • Recieved a philosophic, military and diplomatic education
  • Stayed in house of Pammenes a famous theban general
  • Spent time with Epaminodad another theban general
  • This happened during the time thebes defeated sparta 371, theban domination of greece for 10 years
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2
Q

What advantages would phillips experience in thebes have given him

A
  • Able to speak with the generals who defeated sparta
  • Witnessed the strategies of Thebans and how they held hegemony over greece
  • Saw the strengths and weaknesses of greek politcal system
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3
Q

Diodorus on Phillips achievements (16.1)

A

“For phillip was king over the Macedonian’s for 24 years, and having started from the most insignificant beginnings built up his kingdom to be the greatest of the dominions of Europe.”

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4
Q

How did Phillip deal with the threat from Athens

A

-Immediately released Athenian Prisoners he has taken during battle of Methane.
-Withdrew from Amphipolis and declared it autonomous
-Sent ambassadors to Athens and persuaded assembly to make peace on the grounds he had forfeited his claim to Amphipolis.
DIPLOMACY

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5
Q

How did Phillip deal with the Paeonians, Thracians and Illyrians?

A

Made leave with Paeonians and Thracians through gifts and generous promises
Then attacked Paeonians once their king died and led an expedition into Illyrian territory and defeated them.
OPPORTUNISM

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6
Q

How did Phillip capture Amphipolis?

A

When Athens became so heavily involved with the sacred war he chose that moment to lay seige

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7
Q

Why did Phillip make an alliance with Olynthus?

A

Needed it to gain supremacy. Brought phillip into immediate rivalry with Athens.
AIMS = CONQUEST OF GREECE?

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8
Q

Why do you think Phillip treated the Athenian garrison at Potidea well?

A
  • Made rivals with them recently and didn’t want to make it worse
  • Strategic move so athens don’t hate macedonia
    DIPLOMACY
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9
Q

List some of Phillips Military reforms (7)

A

-Retrained the army
-Introduced Macedonian Phalanx
-Made the army professional, Hypastas paid 1 drachma a day.
-Greeces first professional army, large, trained, heavily armed, fast.
-Grants land to army members, made army more desirable
-Use of foreign troops. Loyalty secured with land and money. Each new conquest brought new men. ROLLING ECONOMY
-Between 352 & 358 infantry doubled in size

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10
Q

What does Demosthenes suggest about Phillips and his court? Why shouldn’t you trust it

A

That they were sycophants and drunks who spent their time making rude songs and being unfunny. He was known for hating Phillip and wanting athenian supremacy back

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11
Q

Justin’s opinion of Phillips actions that corroborate with what he done at Amphipolis.

A

“He was equally pleasing and treacherous in his address, promising more than he could perform.”

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12
Q

What happened to Phillip in 356?

A
  • Got Crenides
  • Took Potidea
  • Birth of Alexander
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13
Q

Why did taking Crenides help Phillip?

A

Crenides has very good mines. Phillip increased productivity and drained marsh land. Was able to obtain, from the mines alone, 1000 talents a year.

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14
Q

Phillips coin

A

To celebrate the good year he had in 356 he made a new coin called Phillipon. Made out of GOLD!
Example of Macedonias improving economy

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15
Q

How did Phillip get involved in the 3rd Sacred War?

A

-Phocians refused to pay a fine (500 talents, more money the Athenian confederation brought in each year) imposed on them by Amphictyonic League.
-Couldn’t afford (got doubled for not paying) so launched a strike and seized Delphi.
- Plundered the shrine to cover the costs of the war.
- War declared

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16
Q

Why was the battle of the Crocus Field a significant victory for Phillip? (Phocians V Macedonians & Thessalians)

A
  • Earned Phillip considerable prestige
  • The aftermath of the victory made the Thessalians appoint Phillip “archon of Thessaly”
  • Gave him all control over the revenues of Thessaly and made him leader of the Thessalian army
17
Q

What happened after Phillip was named archon of Thessaly ?

A
  • Began marching his troops south to the pass of Thermopylae, gateway to central greece.
  • Athenians dispatched a force to Thermopylae and occupied the pass stopping phillip from further military action.
  • Wouldn’t of wanted him to access central greece, where they got their taxes from.
    -Could be gathering support as they marched, Athens couldn’t survive another invasion
18
Q

Organising and securing an expanding Macedonia

A

Targeted towns which were rich in natural resources (Crenides)
OPPORTUNISM

19
Q

What difference did the money from the mines of crenides make to phillip? Why did he change the name to Phillippi?

A
  • able to increase their output to being 1000 talents plus
  • organise a large force of mercenaries and used the coins for bribes and induced many greeks to become betrayers
  • demonstration of power and to expand the tales of his glory
    AIMS = GLORY AND CONQUEST OF GREECE
20
Q

349 BC

A
  • aim of taking over the whole Chalchidic peninsula
  • specifically most powerful city in the region, Olynthus
    AIM = CONQUEST OF GREECE
21
Q

How was Olynthus defeated by Phillip?
Diodorus quote?

A

Through BRIBES!
“it was far more by the use of gold than of arms that he had enlarged his kingdom”
16.53 - 54

22
Q

What did Phillip do once he had control of Olynthus?

A
  • Macedonians slaughtered through.
  • Put survivors into slavery
  • Razed to the ground
  • Message to his enemies and anyone who thought of breaking his trust.
  • As Olynthus was most powerful in Chalkdeon league, he had cut the head of the snake off. Rest of the league didn’t try anything.
  • Gained the leagues resources and then executed his half brother
23
Q

How does justin present Phillips actions during the siege of Olynthus?

A
  • he enjoyed killing his brothers
    “and the gratification of his fratricidal inclinations”
  • says he was afraid of being surpassed by his enemies so he “seized and plundered” cities he was on good terms with
  • acted treacherously
24
Q

Phillips acts of diplomacy during the 3rd Sacred War

A
  • Allowed Phalaecus and his army to surrender “whithersoever he wished” and didn’t kill them
  • Respect of green matters. Called a meeting to allow green matters to be discussed by a Greek body. Clemency
    DIPLOMACY
25
Q

Result of the peace of Philocrates

A
  • Reinforced status quo, like Phillips claim on Amphipolis
  • Peace was fragile, phillip trying to maintain it and athens trying to undermine it.
  • The ones who made the leave were divided on what it meant
26
Q

What view did Demosthenes have about the peace of Philocrates?

A

Deeply distrusted Phillip, worried about the vulnerable state of athens. Reputed it. Woukd question the peace and accuse Aeschines of “seeking out”

27
Q

What view did Philocrates have about the peace of Philocrates?

A

Addicted for peace after Phillip devastated Olynthus in 348. Bc of unpopularity he was prosecuted under “corruption”. Was exiled and put to death

28
Q

What view did Aeschines have about the peace of Philocrates?

A

Optimistic about the treaty and hoped it would represent an alliance. Was accused of being bribed by Phillip and misleading the athenian people by (you guessed who) Demosthenes

29
Q

Terms of the peace of Philocrates

A
  • Each party should recognise the areas held by the other at the time
  • as well as peace, an alliance between macedonia and athens (no time lim)
  • joint expositions to defeat pirates on the Agean
  • Phillip promised to keep army out of Cheresonese DURING NEGOTIATIONS
  • Gave athenians prisoners from Olynthus
  • Reaffirmed Athenian influence in Euboea
30
Q

How does Demosthenes suggest phillip deceived them. 
How might the disagreements in athens have played into phillips advantage

A

1) In terms of the treaty, Phillip says he gave the prisoners back to Athens. When Demosthenes went to get them Phillip didn’t uphold the promise.

2) Athens so concerned with internal bickering that they won’t focus on Phillip

31
Q

How does Phillip stop the Thracians being a threat (2)

A
  • Moved against them with a large force and founded strong cities at key places
  • payment of a bribe from conquered Barbains
32
Q

What effect does Phillips Thracian campaign have?

A
  • made it impossible for the Thracians to commit any outrages in the future
  • green cities were freed from fear and gladly joined the alliance
  • AIM = REVENGE ON PERSIA
33
Q

How does Demosthenes view Phillips invasion of Thrace?

A
  • He is equipping himself with barbarians for an attack on Athens
34
Q

How does Demosthenes interpret Phillips treatment of their peace treaty?

A
  • He is currently breaking it in a manner that the Athenians don’t realise and therefor getting away with jt
  • He will gain everything around Athens and exclude them
35
Q

What arguments does Demosthenes use to persuade the Athenians to stop Phillip?

A
  • He is using the oracle
  • He is holding cities inside the Peloponnese
  • Nobody else is brave enough to attack Phillip
36
Q

Why did Phillip start to besiege Perinthus and Byzantium?

A

Bc they were coastal towns near the Black Sea, opposite to the borders of the persian empire. Controlled the sea passages from Europe to Asia.
AIMS = REVENGE AGAINST PERSIA

37
Q

The Battle of Chareonea

A
  • 339 Phillip entered Phocid to start a 4th scarer war.
  • Alarm in athens as they regarded Phocians
  • Demosthenes said in assembly that they had to send envoys to Thebes and invite the Boetians to fight with them
  • Scared Phillip would take the Boetians

History - Greece (3 decks)

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