The Rise of Industrialization Flashcards
a decision to prevent the democratically dominated house from filibustering (stalling), Rutherford B. Hayes would remove federal troops from the south and in return, democrats wouldn’t dispute the election and would respect the newly legalized rights of Black citizens.
compromise of 1877
african american citizens migrating from the south, a mass exodus.
exodusters
the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson debated this issue arguing for or against the issue that people being separated by race is unconstitutional.
separate but equal
laws enacted as loopholes to the reconstruction amendments; they established separate rules for white and black people. they were named after a racist performer who would do blackface performances to make fun of african americans
jim crow laws
prohibited black people from voting in elections through grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and literacy tests
disenfranchisement
leader of the african american exodus, planted settlements in Kansas
benjamin pap singleton
enacted during the Civil War in 1862, provided that any adult intended citizen could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land if they promised to cultivate it
homestead act
a case discussing the separate car act in louisiana which argued over separate but equal. the law required separation of the different races in train cars and whenever plessy disobeyed and went to court, he ulimately lost.
plessy vs. ferguson
a railroad that was created by the central and union pacific railroad companies that were aiming to meet in the middle of the US, but eventually met in promontory summit, utah
transcontinental railroad
the idea that all people in america should be white and practice the same culture and have the developed culture of other americans.
americanization
forced implementation of a person into new society. rids people of their culture and sense of identity.
assimilation
white settlers had this idea because they thought they were entitled to Native American land. they believed God wanted them to settle in the western territory.
manifest destiny
a plot of land allowed only to native americans as they were forced out of their homes and into these.
reservations
an act that split up the native american reservation land into sections of farmland to force native americans to leave and sell the land. they gave the good land to white settlers for free and charged for the inexpensive land that they sold to the native americans.
dawes act
a political organization where a person/group has enough votes to have authority over government or politics in a certain region
political machine
people who work for the government but are not involved in judicial or political areas (police, legislators, postal officers)
civil service
a practice starting with andrew jackson in which people who campaigned for a politician would recieve unmerited jobs in the government upon the politician’s election
spoils system
an american politician known for being the boss of tammany hall, one of the political machines that played a major role in new york politics in the late 1800s. he stole almost 25 million from nyc tax payers through corruption.
william “boss” tweed
an editorial cartoonist who worked for harper’s weekly. he created the elephant for the republican party and a donkey for the democratic party. his drawings were instrumental in the downfall of william “boss” tweed.
thomas nast
he was the 20th president who was against the spoils system and was assassinated by charles j. guiteau who wanted revenge against the president because he believed that the republican party had not fulfilled its responsibility to give him a government job.
james garfield
the president who was elevated into office after the killing of the 20th president only six months into his term
chester arthur
extremely wealthy people who utilized money for their own good and created monopolies. examples include J.P. Morgan and Cornelius Vanderbilt
robber barons
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade of a service. one person has all of the selling power, so they can dictate unfair prices, etc.
monopoly
the combination in one company of multiple stages of production, that normally would be operated by separate companies. ex. an oil refining business have this quality if it owned and controlled pipeline companies, railroads, barrel factories, etc.
vertical integration
the acquisition of a business operating at the same level of the value chain in the same industry (make or offer similar services) ex. nike and adidas merge together
horizontal integration
a new type of industrial organization in which the voting rights of a controlling number of shares of competing firms were entrusted to a small group of men who were able to prevent competition among the companies they controlled.
trust
inventor of the telephone, revolutionized communication
alexander graham bell
leader in the steel making industry, he invented a new process for making steel
henry bessemer
a captain of industry who funded many public facilities, including public libraries.
andrew carnegie
inventor of the light bulb, affected america by allowing more daylight time to work which strengthened the economy
thomas edison
a famous robber baron who was investigated by fdr for making banking monopolies, boosted state economies and helped sponsor the transcontinental railroad since he had more money than the states
j. p. morgan
entered the oil business, was considered both a robber baron and a captain of industry. ran monopolies and would pay off railroads, but donated 5 million to philanthropic causes.
john d. rockefeller
a robber baron who married his cousin and controlled a lot of railroads, was a compulsive gambler
cornelius vanderbilt
invented the radio and is well known among inventors
nikola tesla
she was the first millionaire african american woman, was a pioneer of haircare.
madam c. j. walker
invented over 300+ different types of food but is most well known for all of his inventions with peanuts, revolutionized american cuisine
george washington carver
rural to urban migration which leads to concentration of human populations in cities; the process of making an area more urban
urbanization
an inner city institution providing educational services to new migrants coming into america. (think about americanization’s effect on this too)
settlement house
migration in the early 1800s with first generation migrants who practiced nativism against the incoming wave of migrants
old migration
migration that was discriminated against and subject to nativist laws.
new migration
the movement of a person into another area.
migration
a negative factor of a country which makes it undesirable to live in. ex. dictators, type of government, bad land quality, discrimination
push factor
a positive factor of a country that attracts people to it. ex. free government, happiness, opportunity
pull factor
the concept that native born people or established inhabitants of an area should be protected against immigrants
nativism
a group of migrants with similar ethnicity which settle in the same area to preserve their culture
ethnic clusters
an act passed from 1882-92 that prohibited chinese migration due to nativist and discriminatory principles
chinese exclusion act
a muckraker who exposed the lives of different immigrants to show america how it was treating them in a book entitled “How the Other Half Lives”
jacob riis
people who were wealthy but used their money for the good of the country such as andrew carnegie
captains of industry
