The Progressive Era

Question 1

christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform as well; applying christian principles to social problems

Answer 1

social gospel

Question 2

“survival of the fittest,” the idea humans apply to the law of natural selection and some people become more powerful because they are “innately better”

Answer 2

social darwinism

Question 3

an educator and reformer, the first president and principal developer of Tuskegee University, considered the most influential spokesman for Black Americans from 1895 - 1915

Answer 3

booker t. washington

Question 4

a scholar and activist for racial equality, founder of the Niagra Movement and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), ensure to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments

Answer 4

w.e.b. du bois

Question 5

journalists who use the media (newspapers, images, political cartoons) to expose societal issues

Answer 5

muckrakers

Question 6

founded in 1909; america’s oldest and largest civil rights organization formed in New York in response to violence against African Americans around the country

Answer 6

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Question 7

established in the late nineteenth century, formally known as the Patrons of Husbandry; an organization created to assist farmers with the various problems that they faced.

Answer 7

Grange

Question 8

a political movement that emphasizes the idea of “the people” and juxtaposes that group against “the elite”. associated with anti-establishment. these people may think of wealthy people as being elite.

Answer 8

populism

Question 9

an american agrarian movement (1875 -) that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the creation of cooperatives (co-owned retail stores and marketing organizations) and political advocacy, very strong in Texas and Kansas.

Answer 9

Farmers Alliance

Question 10

a “book farmer,” a man who had learned about farming from reading and helped found the Grange (Order of Patrons of Husbandry), the US’s largest agricultural fraternity.

Answer 10

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Question 11

an association of workers formed to negotiate collectively with an employer to protect and further workers’ rights and interests.

Answer 11

labor union

Question 12

a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work, usually in response to employee grievances

Answer 12

strike

Question 13

a list of people whose opinions or associations were deemed politically inconvenient or commercially troublesome, subjecting them to termination / difficulty finding work

Answer 13

blacklist

Question 14

a fatal conflagration that occurred in 1911, in a NYC sweatshop, touching off a national movement in the United States for safer working conditions

Answer 14

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Question 15

an armed labor uprising that took place in Anderson country in TN. Coal mine owners attempted to replace free coal mines with convicts leased out by the state government

Answer 15

coal creek labor saga

Question 16

the first and longest serving president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). He became instrumental in establishing the federation of organized trades and labor unions (FOTLU)

Answer 16

Samuel Gompers

Question 17

helped motivate the American left to organize political opposition to corporations and WWI. American socialists, communists, and anarchists honor his work for the labor movement and motivation to have the average working man build socialism without large state involvement

Answer 17

Eugene V. Debs

Question 18

authorized the federal government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them. Any combination in the form of a trust or otherwise that was in restraint of trade or commerce with states or foreign nations was declared illegal.

Answer 18

sherman anti-trust act

Question 19

a piece of legislation that defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor

Answer 19

clayton antitrust act

Question 20

the manipulation of an economy, carried out by governments around the world, in an attempt to prevent or eliminate monopolies and corporate trusts

Answer 20

trust-busting

Question 21

wrote “the shame of cities” which exposes urban and political ideas and helps build a case for political reform

Answer 21

lincoln steffens

Question 22

her father’s business was a part of the cleveland massacre. John D. Rockefeller’s business Standard Oil was a monopoly and was buying out all small oil corporations. She wrote 19 series in McClure’s, bringing attention to the monopoly and getting it investigated. It was broken in 1900.

Answer 22

Ida Tarbell

Question 23

wrote “the jungle” which exposed the meat packing industry and sent the book to Roosevelt, resulting in the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.

Answer 23

Upton Sinclair

Question 24

a primary in which nominations of candidates for office are made by direct vote

Answer 24

direct primary

Question 25

a power reserved to the votes to propose legislation, by petition, that would enact, amend or repeal a charter or code provision.

Answer 25

initiative

Question 26

a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue.

Answer 26

referendum

Question 27

a power reserved to the voters that allows the voters, by petition, to demand the removal of an elected official.

Answer 27

recall

Question 28

the stated policy of president Theodore Roosevelt, originally promising fairness in all dealings with labor and management and later extended to include other groups.

Answer 28

square deal

Question 29

prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the FDA

Answer 29

the pure food and drug act

Question 30

ensured that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions and would be inspected.

Answer 30

meat inspection act

Question 31

allows congress to levy a tax on income from any source without apportioning it among the states without regard to the census.

Answer 31

16th amendment

Question 32

the amendment that calls for the direct election of senators by voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

Answer 32

17th amendment

Question 33

the amendment that outlawed the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Answer 33

18th amendment

Question 34

the amendment that granted women the right to vote (women’s suffrage)

Answer 34

19th amendment

Question 35

an american lawyer and politician who represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and was the 20th governor of Wisconsin. He championed regulation of railroads, direct election, and worker protection, and opposed WWI entry.

Answer 35

Robert La Follette “Fighting Bob”

Question 36

a progressive political party during the 1912 presidential election, Roosevelt made a case for government protection of human welfare and property rights, stating that human welfare was more important. He called for a national approach to the country’s affairs.

Answer 36

New Nationalism

Question 37

the act of protecting something for multiple generations to come (preserving the nation’s resources)

Answer 37

conservation

Question 38

a political ideology of Woodrow Wilson, pledged to restore unfettered (not attached) opportunity for individual action and to use the government to protect that. Attacked tariffs, banks, and trusts which protected the industrialists at the expense of farmers

Answer 38

new freedom

Question 39

intended to conduct the nation’s monetary policy and economy by influencing money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of full employment and stable prices

Answer 39

Federal Reserve

Question 40

an american politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26th president from 1901-1909. he avoided labor strike and promoted the conservation movement, expanded national parks and forests.

Answer 40

Theodore Roosevelt

Question 41

the 27th president of the United States (1909 - 1913) who later became the tenth Chief Justice of the US, and is the only person to have served in both of these offices.

Answer 41

William Taft

Question 42

a leader of the progressive movement who was the 28th president from 1913-1921. he led America into WWI in order to “make the world safe for democracy.”

Answer 42

Woodrow Wilson

Question 43

a suffragist and peace activist who helped secure American women the right to vote. She directed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and founded the league of Women voters in 1920 to bring women into politics.

Answer 43

Carrie Chapman Catt

Question 44

one of the most prominent activists of the 20th century women’s rights movement. She was an outspoken suffragist and feminist and a leader in the fight to ratify the 19th amendment. She also authored the Equal Rights Amendment and spent the rest of her life fighting to ensure the US constitution protects both men and women equally

Answer 44

Alice Paul

Question 45

an american activist in the women’s suffrage movement and was also very significant to the ratification of the 19th amendment. She founded the Nashville Equal Suffrage League and was the first TN woman to make an open-air speech.

Answer 45

Anne Dallas Dudley

Question 46

The youngest member of state legislature when he was elected at 22 years old. He is best remembered for action taken to ratify the nineteenth amendment during his first term in the legislature. His mom sent him a letter, prompting his decision.

Answer 46

Harry Burn