The restless earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all 4 layers of the earth’s structure?

A

-The inner core (hot, solid centre)
-The outer core (liquid layer surrounding the inner core)
-The mantle (Thick layers of magma)
-The crust (thin layer of solid rock making up the outer shell of the Earth.

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2
Q

What are the names of the two plates?

A

-oceanic
-continental

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3
Q

How is the crust formed?

A

By magma from the mantle rising and cooling.

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4
Q

What are the two names of the parts of the mantle?

A

-Lithosphere (brittle)
-Asthenosphere (malleable)

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5
Q

What are convection currents?

A

The magma in the mantle rises and reaches there cooler part the lithosphere then cools and sinks down. This happens repetitively and in a circular motion causing lateral pressure and moving the tectonic plates.

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6
Q

Movement

A

Constructive- outwards
destructive- inwards
conservative- side by side
collision- inwards (two continental)

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7
Q

What is a tectonic plate?

A

A tectonic plate is a slab of solid rock, composed of both continental and oceanic crust.

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8
Q

What are earthquakes?

A

Earthquakes are vibrations caused by earth movements at plate margins or major fault lines.

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9
Q

What is a fault?

A

A fault is a fracture in the rocks that make up the earths crust.

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10
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts.

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11
Q

Epicentre?

A

Directly above the focus.

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12
Q

Seismic waves?

A

Waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake.

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13
Q

What are seismic waves measured with?

A

Seismic waves are measured using seismometer. A seismometer records the power of the waves.

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14
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A volcano is an opening in the earth that lava, ash and gases can escape.

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