development Flashcards
What does development mean in geography?
development in geography refers to the standard of living and its quality of life of its human inhabitants.
What does development do to an area?
Development is a process of change whereby people’s lives will get better.
What does HIC stand for?
HIC stands for High Income Country.
What does MIC stand for?
MIC stands for Middle Income Country.
What does LIC stand for?
LIC stands for Low Income Country.
What does NEE stand for?
NEE stands for Newly Emerging Economy.
What does GNI stand for?
GNI stands for Gross National Income.
What does the world bank define HICs as?
A country with a GNI per capita above $12,746.
What does the world bank define LICs as?
A country with a GNI per capita below $1,045.
What does GNI per capita mean?
It is the gross national income per person/ average income.
What is the definition of life expectancy at birth?
The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year.
What is the definition of infant mortality?
The number of deaths of infants under 1 year per 1000 live births.
What is the definition of education expenditure?
The percent of GDP spent on education.
What is GDP?
Gross Domestic Product is the worth of a countries services provided and products made.
What is the definition of birth rate?
The number of babies born, per 1000 women, per year.
What is the definition of GNI per capita?
The total income received by the country from its residents and businesses regardless of whether they are located in the country or aboard.
What is the definition of fertility rate?
The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child bearing age.
What is the definition of labour force by occupation?
The percentage of people employed in each sector; agriculture, industries and services.
What is the definition of median age?
This is the age that divided the population in two equal groups, half being higher and half being lower.
What are indicators of development?
Indicators of development give an indication about how well developed a country is.
What three factors does a country have to have to be classed as developed?
Economic, Environmental and social balance.
What is a compound indicator?
A compound indicator uses adult literacy, life expectancy and GDP to give a more accurate score for each country. This gives a better way of measuring than just using GDP. The scores are between 0 and 1. The closer to 1 the better the level of development.
What score means that a country has a low level of development?
Any country below 0.5 has a low level of development.
Why is being landlocked a disadvantage for development?
Landlocked countries face disadvantages as they can’t trade with countries from across the sea as the cargo can’t get there easily. So trade isn’t an option.
Why does extreme weather make development hard to achieve?
Extreme weather such as droughts, flooding and tropical storms can limit a countries growth. It is expensive to protect the areas and rebuild after a disaster. It can also ruin the crops and infastructure meaning people have limited food stock.
Why does climate related diseases and pests make development hard to achieve?
Climate related disease and pests can destroy a countries livestock and causes premature deaths in humans reducing the workplace.
Why does lack of clean water make development hard to achieve?
Lack of adequate supplies of clean water. This can affect agriculture and local populations. Having to travel to get clean water results in less time to work or go to school. Dirty water can cause illness and impact on the economy.
What is the development gap?
The development gap is the gap between HICs and LICs.
Name some reasons of the development gap.
-natural disasters (eg hurricane Irma)
-colonialism (eg English colonising Kenya)
-climate (eg good for agriculture)
-natural resources (eg iron ore, oil)
-debt (half the wealth of the poorest 20 countries goes off-shore)
-level of education
-diseases (eg tsetse fly causing ‘sleeping sickness’ in humans and animals)
-landlocked (difficult to trade eg 15 African countries are landlocked)
-corruption (failure of money to reach the right places, or not using the right person for the job)
-Religion (Poorest countries are most religious as they don’t believe that they can alter their destiny)
-Location (in the tropics: poorer soil, plants with lower carbohydrate levels.
