The Rest Of It Flashcards
“Accumulation of blood/pus/fluid in the pericardial space” is the definition of
Cardiac tamponade
What type of shock does cardiac tamponade cause?
Obstructive
Reduced ventricular filling causes haemodynamic compromise
Management of cardiac tamponade
Pericardiocentesis
(echo guided)
(oxygen)
(inotropic drug eg dobutamine)
Beck’s triad - what is it and what causes it
Cardiac tamponade
Raised JVP +
Low BP +
Diminished heart sounds
Water bottle shape heart and cardiomegaly are seen on CXR in what condition
Cardiac tamponade AAK pericardial effusion
Commonest cause of pericarditis
Viral
What’s Dressler’s syndrome
Pericarditis 1-6wk post MI
Pleuritic chest pain, low grade fever
The chest pain in pericarditis
- Relief leaning forwards or backwards
- Sharp or dull
- Central or peripheral
- Persistent or varies
Chest pain in pericarditis
- Relief leaning forwards
- Sharp stabbing
- Central
- Persistent
(Also may radiate to neck / back / shoulders)
Chest pain, fever, pericardial rub are all features of…
Pericarditis
Management of pericarditis
Anti-inflammatory eg ibuprofen
What is pleuritic chest pain?
Worse when breathing
Enterovirus and echovirus can cause sudden death in a young person by what disease process?
Myocarditis
Heart muscle inflammation
(Do viral PCR, throat swab)
ECG appearance in pericarditis?
Saddle shape ST elevation
Seen in all territories
What is stenosis and regurgitation?
Stenosis doesn’t open properly
Regurgitation doesn’t close properly
What is the commonest valvular disease?
Aortic stenosis
Describe the murmur of aortic stenosis?
Ejection end systolic murmur and radiates to the carotids
What is the name of the surgical treatment for aortic stenosis?
TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation
What murmur radiates to the axilla?
Mitral regurgitation
What murmur causes a collapsing pulse?
Aortic regurgitation
Describe the murmur of mitral regurgitation?
Pan systolic
What murmur causes a low volume pulse?
Aortic stenosis
Describe the murmur of aortic regurgitation and where it is heard?
Early diastolic at left sternal edge
Where is aortic stenosis best heard?
2nd intercostal space right sternal edge
What murmur causes a tapping apex?
Mitral stenosis
What murmur is associated with rheumatic disease?
Mitral stenosis
What murmur causes a straight left heart border on CXR?
Mitral stenosis
Describe the murmur of mitral stenosis?
Mid-diastolic
