The Rest Of It

Question 1

“Accumulation of blood/pus/fluid in the pericardial space” is the definition of

Answer 1

Cardiac tamponade

Question 2

What type of shock does cardiac tamponade cause?

Answer 2

Obstructive

Reduced ventricular filling causes haemodynamic compromise

Question 3

Management of cardiac tamponade

Answer 3

Pericardiocentesis
(echo guided)
(oxygen)
(inotropic drug eg dobutamine)

Question 4

Beck’s triad - what is it and what causes it

Answer 4

Cardiac tamponade
Raised JVP +
Low BP +
Diminished heart sounds

Question 5

Water bottle shape heart and cardiomegaly are seen on CXR in what condition

Answer 5

Cardiac tamponade AAK pericardial effusion

Question 6

Commonest cause of pericarditis

Answer 6

Viral

Question 7

What’s Dressler’s syndrome

Answer 7

Pericarditis 1-6wk post MI

Pleuritic chest pain, low grade fever

Question 8

The chest pain in pericarditis

• Relief leaning forwards or backwards
• Sharp or dull
• Central or peripheral
• Persistent or varies

Answer 8

Chest pain in pericarditis

• Relief leaning forwards
• Sharp stabbing
• Central
• Persistent

(Also may radiate to neck / back / shoulders)

Question 9

Chest pain, fever, pericardial rub are all features of…

Answer 9

Pericarditis

Question 10

Management of pericarditis

Answer 10

Anti-inflammatory eg ibuprofen

Question 11

What is pleuritic chest pain?

Answer 11

Worse when breathing

Question 12

Enterovirus and echovirus can cause sudden death in a young person by what disease process?

Answer 12

Myocarditis

Heart muscle inflammation
(Do viral PCR, throat swab)

Question 13

ECG appearance in pericarditis?

Answer 13

Saddle shape ST elevation

Seen in all territories

Question 14

What is stenosis and regurgitation?

Answer 14

Stenosis doesn’t open properly

Regurgitation doesn’t close properly

Question 15

What is the commonest valvular disease?

Answer 15

Aortic stenosis

Question 16

Describe the murmur of aortic stenosis?

Answer 16

Ejection end systolic murmur and radiates to the carotids

Question 17

What is the name of the surgical treatment for aortic stenosis?

Answer 17

TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Question 18

What murmur radiates to the axilla?

Answer 18

Mitral regurgitation

Question 19

What murmur causes a collapsing pulse?

Answer 19

Aortic regurgitation

Question 20

Describe the murmur of mitral regurgitation?

Answer 20

Pan systolic

Question 21

What murmur causes a low volume pulse?

Answer 21

Aortic stenosis

Question 22

Describe the murmur of aortic regurgitation and where it is heard?

Answer 22

Early diastolic at left sternal edge

Question 23

Where is aortic stenosis best heard?

Answer 23

2nd intercostal space right sternal edge

Question 24

What murmur causes a tapping apex?

Answer 24

Mitral stenosis

Question 25

What murmur is associated with rheumatic disease?

Answer 25

Mitral stenosis

Question 26

What murmur causes a straight left heart border on CXR?

Answer 26

Mitral stenosis

Question 27

Describe the murmur of mitral stenosis?

Answer 27

Mid-diastolic