Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y4 Cardiology > Physiology & Shock > Flashcards

Physiology & Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Define sinus rhythm

A

Heart controlled by the SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Put in order:

Purkinje fibres, A/P fascicles, Bundle of His, AVN, bundle branches, SAN

A

SAN > AVN > Bundle of His > bundle branches > Purkinje fibres > A/P fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vagal tone:
parasympathetic or sympathetic?
what does it act on?
what does it do?

A

Parasympathetic action on SAN + AVN at rest, increases AVN delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympathetic supplies what part of the hearts? What is its function?

A

To beta adrenoceptors in SAN + AVN + myocardium

Increases HR + contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

B1 adrenoceptors where

B2 adrenoceptors where

A

B1 heart

B2 GI/resp/kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define stroke volume

A

Volume ejected by each ventricle per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define cardiac output

A

Volume ejected per minute

CO = SV X HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ventricles contract in ____ and relax in ____

A

Contract systole, relax diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AV valves shut when…

A

AV valves shut when ventricular pressure greater than atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S3 or S4 - which is always pathological and which is physiological in a young person?

A

S4 always pathological

S3 physiological in a young person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heart gets perfusion during diastole or systole

A

Diastole

slower heart rate = more diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Formula for maximum heart rate

A

220 - age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coronary arteries arise from …

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pulmonary circulation is low or high resistance

A

Low resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Formula for MAP

A

MAP = (2X diastolic + systolic) / 3

MAP = diastolic + 1/3(systolic -diastolic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are baroreceptors

A

In carotid sinus and aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of atrial natriuretic peptide

A

Decreases BP vasodilates

18
Q

RAAS

  • What is the rate limiting step?
  • Renin is released from _____, it stimulates the release of _____ from _____, which stimulates the release of _____. _____ converts _____ to _____, which stimulates the release of _____ from the _____
  • Function
A

The rate limiting step is renin release
Renin is released from KIDNEY, it stimulates the release of ANGIOTENSINOGEN from LIVER, which stimulates the release of ANGIOTENSIN 1. ACE converts ANGIOTENSIN 1 to ANGIOTENSIN 2, which stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE ADRENAL
Function to >BP (by retaining Na and increasing plasma volume)

19
Q

ADH

  • Where is it made?
  • What is it also called?
  • Function?
A

Hypothalamus
Vasopressin
Concentrates urine to increase BP

20
Q

Name the drug
Side effects include dry cough and teratogenicity
Contraindicated in severe CKD

A

ACEI eg lisinopril

21
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers are teratogens - T or F

A

True

22
Q

Atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, bisoprolol
Which are B1 selective?
Which are B1 + B2 non-selective?

A

Atenolol B1 selective
Metoprolol B1 selective
Propranolol B1 + B2
Bisoprolol B1 selective

23
Q

B-blockers are contraindicated in ____ and known to worsen ____

A

B-blockers are contraindicated in ASTHMA and known to worsen DIABETES

24
Q

Hypokalaemia is a side effect of which antihypertensive?

A

Loop diuretics

25
Q

Which antihypertensive functions by blocking sodium reabsoprtion?

A

Thiazide diuretics

26
Q

What is the mechanism of spironolactone?

A

Potassium sparing aldosterone receptor antagonist

27
Q

Which antihypertensives have gynaecomastia as a side effect?

A

Spironolactone and digoxin

28
Q

Avoid calcium channel blockers in heart failure except which one …

A

Amlodipine

29
Q

Why can’t verapamil be combined with a BB?

A

Both slow heart rate

30
Q

Name 4 calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem

31
Q

Ankle oedema is a common side effect of antihypertensives that …

A

Vasodilate - such as nifedipine

32
Q

Grey skin and hypothyroidism are side effects of which drug?

A

Amiodarone

33
Q

Atropine mechanism

A

Inhibits muscarinic M2 receptors that decrease HR - to increase HR

34
Q

Aspirin mechanism

A

Antiplatelet - cyclooxygenase inhibitors - that produces thromboxane A2

35
Q

In what type of shock would you see J waves on an ECG?

A

Hypothermia

36
Q

Name 3 causes of obstructive shock

A

PE
Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumothoax

37
Q

MIs and arrhythmias cause _____ shock due to decreased contractility, a drug to combat this is a _____

A

MIs and arrhythmias cause CARDIOGENIC shock due to decreased contractility, a drug to combat this is a INOTROPE

38
Q

Spinal cord injuries cause ____ shock due to decreased ____ drive

A

Spinal cord injuries cause NEUROGENIC shock due to decreased SYMPATHETIC drive

39
Q

Bleeding, vomiting and burns can all cause what type of shock?

A

Hypovolaemic shock

40
Q

What are the 3 components of Virchow’s triad

A

Endothelial injury
Venous stasis / turbulent flow
Hypercoagulability

Y4 Cardiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions