the responce to south africa c1948-59 Flashcards
racial categories in C1948
-coloured 9% of population in 1951
-whites varied backgrounds ed dutch
-Africans (black) 8.5 mill in 1951
-Indians
segregation and discrimination
-1910 Britain didnt require white people to share political power with black people
-after 1930 white women were able to vote but all africans were disenfranchised by 1936
-before 1948 africans forced to live in seperate areas knows as townships. This entrenched discrimination before apartheid era
Urbanisation and industrialisation
-Johannesburg population grew massively in the 1990’s because gold was found in the rand
-1900 100,000 more africans than whites
- more industries grew such as textiles, clothing and machinery
-180,000 white men served in the armed force therefore increasing the opportunities given to black pop
-post WW2 fight for job and employment Afrikaners who were unable to make a living concerned the gov. nationalists appealed to their ignominy + promised secure employment
Rural life
- land ownership was divided by race and class 80% of south African land were either reserves or private properties
- white and black people worked alongside each other almost as a hierarchy top white owners bottom black farmers being waged slaves
afrikaners culture and politics
- after the Boer war some leaders wanted to unify with britain others resented them
-1924 forced bilingualism of afrikaners + english in white schools
-influence of britain on sports eg rugby, self governing and having investors for mines
the great trek 1938
a movement of afrikaners to the interior of south africa to establish their own language religion and culture
what is broederbond
provided certain male afrikaners with political direction in favour of their christian nationalist outlook to promote their businesses
the influence of britain
-SA self governing like britain
-40% of british investors dominated mines and industries
-english joint official language
-british sports eg rugby very popular across SA
how did the impact of the second world war impact SA
fight against fascism and the holocaust underpinned a slowly growing consensus that all people had básica rights
the growth of afrikaner nationalism
-anti war movement in 1939 called ossewabrandwag reached a peak of 300,000 members
-deeply christian they didnt want racial impurity because they thought it would sabotage divine designs inter marriage was a key issue for them
describe the united party
-seen as being sympathetic to black people
-he was old hubris
-won majority in many english speaking seats
-won 49% of white votes
how did the voting system worked
South africa used the westminister consitituency system gave malian an opportunity to win over many rural constituencies in order to win fundamentally securing the national parties victory
who was hendrik verwoerd
-architect of apartheid, minister of native affairs from 1958-66
-created concept of sperate development through 1951 bantu authorotics act
what were the race laws
based on long standing concerns over sex between balck and white based on religious and racist principles
-immorality act 1950 - prohibited marriage and sex between white and black people
-population registration act 1950 - assigned everyone to a racial category used to define and monitor boundaries of race and documentation
the group areas acts
Sophiatown - 60,000 mix of economic background attracted drum magazine for illegal bars (shebeens) and young street crime (tsotsis) the racy urban lifestyle attracted nationalists to fix
Durban - 450,000 1/3 indian african and white indians ( rich owned private land) gave africans tentants to build shacks they grew angery and 142 killed the group areas act removed 41,000 from central area
district 6- multi racial coloured businesses near cape town 60,000 forcibly removed and resettled in distict cape flats
