mock past paper plans Flashcards
was gov unpopularity the main consequence of us involvement in Vietnam war in the 1960’s to 1970’s
agree = tet offsense 68 and my lai massacre acid Johnstone approval rate 26 percent ‘hey hey LBJ how many kids have u killed today’
disagree = Watergate in 1972 Nixon sue of political opps giving 5 burglary’s 25000 dollars each causing Nixon to resign
disagree = media Widespread and growing 250 hours of live tapes Nixon swore and trying to coverup people looked more critically at the role and behaviours of president Vietnam lottery cards 69 30,000 draft dodging media coverage soldiers drunk and killing innocent children questioned ethos
disagree = economic and social environment at the time 300,000 killed
federal debt 65 11 mill in 68 85 mill people suffering with PTSD counterculture
how far the response to fears of communist influence in the period after the First World War was different from the response in the period after the Second World War.
disagree = The second red scare had greater political implications, and led to a
greater federal response eg Mcarthyism 1st red scare focused on 556 deported by aliens
agree = both a consequence of war and therefore influenced by USSR and Russia, Millons arrested based on communism
The extent to which the impact of Second World War was very different from that of the First World War should be analysed and evaluated. Relevant points may include:
agree = Women gaining the vote after the First World War, with no directly comparable gain in political rights after the Second World War The First World War produced majority support for the Republican policy of a return to ‘normalcy’, whereas the period after the Second World War broadly saw support for Democrat Party policies in line with the New Deal ethos
The number of Americans in service in WWII were significantly higher than in WWI, as were casualties (16 million served, over 400,000 killed in WWII, compared to 4.35 million and under 117,000 in WWI)
The reaction against immigration after the First World War was not repeated after the Second World War
The Second World War saw a significant enhancement in the powers of the presidency which had not been seen after the First World War.
disagree = After both wars, many women who had contributed by working in industry lost their jobs After initial economic slumps soon afterwards, both wars saw economic booms which impacted upon living standards
The threat of political radicalism was an issue after both wars, e.g. the Red Scares
Both wars produced some degree of social improvement for black Americans
Both wars saw significant migration, e.g. of black Americans migrating
north, with political consequences.
the extent to which, in the
years 1917–80, war and the impact of the Cold War led to an increase in
conservative influences on domestic politics in the USA.
agree = The end of the First World War saw a Republican campaign based around a return to the ‘normalcy’ of reduced government and isolationism, which dominated US politics throughout the 1920s, Post-Second World War and the Cold War concerns
over communism gave traction to concerns over the extension of federal and in particular executive authority seen during the New Deal and the 2 World War, e.g. the actions of the 80th Congress Conservative influences contributing to growing anti-communism may also be seen to have developed as a result of the Cold War
disagree= The Vietnam War led to a significant rejection of mainstream political values, Republican policies and dominance in the 1920s was influenced by other factors, e.g. concerns over immigration or the economic success of their policies through the 1920s The Second World War and post-war period saw continued support for
Democrat politicians and the continuation or even extension of the New Deal approach
the extent to which, in the years 1941–80, the impact of war and the Cold War brought about a decline in the confidence the nation had in the presidency
agree= Events such as the My Lai massacre or difficulties in the ‘planned
withdrawal’ led to criticism of individual presidents such as Johnson and
Nixon Presidential responsibility for foreign policy meant presidents were directly blamed for unpopular aspects of war, such as the increased federal
spending, the operation of the draft, or treatment of veterans eg lottery cards
disagree = Roosevelt’s popularity was largely unchanged through his conduct of the USA’s involvement in the Second World War received 4000 letters daily of gratefulness Truman’s commitment to the potential need for actual military intervention in the Cold War, with the Truman Doctrine, was essentially well received
the extent to which anti-communism
was the most significant influence on the political landscape in the years 1917-80.
agree = Anti-communism during the 1920s at the time of the first Red Scare, e.g. concerns over loyalty of suspected communist sympathisers from immigrant backgrounds contributed to the passing of policies to limit immigration Anti-communism, particularly during the period after the Second World War, led to a climate of fear and a restriction of liberties, reversing the prevailing ideas of the
1930s
disagree = Republican laissez faire ideas, based around appeals to a return to ‘normalcy’, with reduced government and isolationism, dominated US politics throughout the 1920s
disagree= New Deal ideas marked a significant reversal in approach, with a growing acceptance of the potential for government intervention from the 1930s which was Influential through to the 1970s
disagree= There was a growing influence of liberal and counter-culture attitudes, bringing change to party politics and policy
how far do you agree the role of the media was the most important factor in the decline in confidence in the American presidency 1960-80
agree = The news media uncovered some of the key events that undermined confidence in American presidents and/or policies, e.g. Mai Lai, Watergate
disagree = The growth of counter-culture and a culture of protest encouraged many younger Americans to question the authority of the American presidency
disagree = ecominc and social environement The end of the unbroken economic prosperity since 1945 led to a decline in political confidence in both Republican and Democrat presidents as they seemed unable to restore economic confidence.
disagree = The nature of American involvement in the Vietnam conflict led to many Americans questioning the role of the presidency
whether federal legislation
was the main reason for improvements in black American civil rights in the years 1955-80.
agree= Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the 24th
Amendment enforced the civil and political rights promised in the 19th
century
disagree = The role of leaders such as Martin Luther King (SCLC),
disagree = The role of peaceful protests such as those seen at Montgomery, Little Rock and Greensboro
disagree = upreme Court rulings such as Brown II (1955) and Board of Education (1971)
how accurate is it to say actions of civil right leaders explain the increased success of civil rights campaign 1955-68
agree = Martin Luther King’s role across the period, from his leadership of MIA, the formation of SCLC through to the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) and beyond King made a significant contribution to the legislation of 1964 and the 1965 Voting Rights Act
disagree = The impact of the media in bringing wider attention to the issue, particularly with the growth of television news reporting Little Rock and I have a dream speech
disagree = he impact of Supreme Court rulings, such as Brown II (1955)
disagree= civil right events membership and popularity
the extent to which there was
a considerable similarity between the campaigns for black civil rights (1955–80) and minority civil rights (1960–80).
agree= tactics such as non-violent protest and marches were similar, e.g. the Annual Reminders of July 4 (from 1965) organised by homophile
organisations, or the non-violent protests organised by the National Farm Workers Association were similar to methods used at Greensboro, Selma
and Montgomery the development of militant protests, e.g.
the American Indian Movement and the Brown Berets were organised in a
manner akin to the Black Panthers
disagree= Gay rights campaigns were largely confined to northern cities, whereas black civil rights campaigns took place across a much wider geography Native American rights campaigns were more heavily focused on issues such as tribal homelands and self-determination
how accurate 1917-55 there was very limited improvement in the lives of black Americans
agree = The New Deal did not, by and large, seek to challenge discrimination, and schemes such as the NRA and AAA can even be seen to have perpetuated or contributed to unequal treatment
disagree= The great migration saw over 1 million black Americans migrate from the South by 1930, the majority of whom saw some improvement in aspects of life such as reduced political discrimination or improved job opportunities
disagree = he legal challenges brought by groups such as the NAACP (e.g. Brown v Board of Education), and episodes such as the publicity over Emmett Till’s brutal death, had brought tangible gains by 1955.
disagree = The renewed migration during the Second World War – larger scale than that of the 1920s – saw many black Americans gain higher paid and higher
skilled work, and increased acceptance from white workers
how far do you agree that minority rights achieved considerable success in 1960-80
agree = Discrimination over sexual orientation remained a feature of American society, and
the increasing influence of the Religious Right saw a pushback against the gay rights movement only 73 not classed as a mental illness Native Americans campaigns had limited impact on the everyday life, as they
continued to experience high levels of social and economic deprivation, and faced continued discrimination in practice
disagree= The influence of minority rights on mainstream politics grew, e.g. Harvey Milk’s
prominence, Bobby Kennedy’s support for Chavez, and the Democratic Party
inclusion of gay rights in the 1980 election manifesto
Campaigns contributed to legislative changes which brought improvements to the
social position of minorities, e.g. the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965, and the
Indian Civil Rights Act 1968
The extent to which the position of women changed considerably in the years 1917-80
agree = both wars increase in opportunities and
agree
agree = feminists such as Betty Friedan and the formation of the
National Organisation for Women (1966) indicate changing ideas regarding the
position of women
disagree= The limited progress of women in active politics, only 2 out of 435 delegates in the House of Representatives in 1928 and women always numbered fewer than 4 percent of delegates
disagree = id work, this was usually lower in status and pay, e.g. men still filled
over 90 per cent of professional positions in 1941, while studies in various states in
the 1970s revealed that a pay gap of c20 per cent persisted
immigration essay
agree change =
