The Respiratory System

Question 1

Primary Function Of Respiration

Answer 1

To obtain O2 for use by the cells of the body, and to eliminate the CO2 the cells produce.

Question 2

External Respiration

Answer 2

The entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body.

Question 3

Internal Respiration

Answer 3

Intracellular metabolic processes carried out within the mitochondria which use O2 and produce CO2 during the derivation of energy from nutrient molecules.

Question 4

Conducting Zone (Conducting Airways)

Answer 4

Brings Air Into & Out Of The Lungs

Series of hollow branching tubes that decrease in diameter at each branching.

Question 5

Respiratory Zone

Answer 5

Structures Lined With Alveoli Where Gas Exchange Occurs

• Respiratory Bronchioles
• Alveolar Ducts
• Alveolar Sacs
• Alveoli

Question 6

Alveoli

Answer 6

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar gas and
pulmonary capillary blood can occur rapidly and efficiently across the alveoli because alveolar walls are thin and have a large surface area for diffusion.

Question 7

Type 1 Alveolar Cells

Answer 7

Single Layer Of Flattened Cells That Make Up The Alveolar Walls

Question 8

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

Answer 8

Components of alveolar walls which synthesize

pulmonary surfactant necessary for reduction of surface tension of alveoli.

Question 9

Pleural Sac

Answer 9

Double-walled closed sac that separates each lung from the thoracic wall and other surrounding structures

Question 10

Total Atmospheric Pressure At Sea Level

Answer 10

760mmHg

Question 11

Partial Pressure Of Water Vapor

Answer 11

47mmHg

Question 12

Muscles Of Inspiration

Answer 12

Diaphragm And External Intercostals

Question 13

Process Of Passive Expiration

Answer 13

Depends on the elastic recoil of the lungs after inspiratory stretching, and the relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

Question 14

Process Of Forced Expiration

Answer 14

The abdominal muscles contract forcefully, pressing the viscera against the passive diaphragm and depressing the rib cage to further reduce lung volume.
Also helping to depress the rib cage and decrease volume are the intercostal muscles.

Question 15

Pneumotaxic Center

Answer 15

Sends inhibitory impulses to the medullary inspiratory neurons to prevent over inflation of the lungs and to quicken the respiratory rate.

Question 16

Apneustic Center

Answer 16

This center sends stimulatory impulses to the medullary inspiratory center causing prolonged inspiratory efforts that result in a deeper, slower pattern of breathing.